Agro-based country like Bangladesh is hugely depend on Ground Water(GW) for their irrigation purposes. As a result GW depletion is happening. But on the other hand, at the peak time of river flow lots of areas has been affected by flood.
So, is there any technique for reserving that surface water or any other surface water management technique so that dependency on the GW can be reduced.
Thanks in an advance.
No or low till can help maintain surface organics and water retention. If you get a chance to review some of the historical cultures, you may also get some old ideas and make them new, for your needs. For example Machu Picchu (spelling) of the Incas in Peru and water transfer methods, what lessons can be learned of them. Egypt, other cultures - what can we learn from them?
Maintaining vegetative cover on the land so soil can take up water, preventing gullies and channel degradation and sometimes water storage structures. Agricultural terraces or trenches sometimes helpful if designed and maintained well. Finding, selecting and using native grass and plant species which are resistant to drought, help build organics into soils, maintaining vegetated or forested stream buffers may be examples, but not always applicable or useful to every circumstance. Farmers are sometimes skeptical of new or different ways of management, and water rights and conservation methods can also be complex subject areas.
In States like Odisha in India the same type of problem you have mentioned in Bangladesh do exist. I think the areas where groundwater depletion is taking place is quite different from areas which are facing flooding problem. Hence you have to look at solving two problems-Groundwater & Surfacewater. The possible solutions are:
1. Groundwater recharging & enhancement of groundwater potential
2. Rainwater harvesting for domestic and agricultural purposes in water scarce areas or periods.
3. Flood control & Flood management by constructing appropriate size dams; providing proper surface drainage channels, etc.
4. Practicing conjunctive use of surface and groundwater, by transferring/using the water from excess areas to deficit areas.
5. Appropriate cropping pattern to suite the water availability (excess or deficit)
6. Practicing micro irrigation techniques such as drip or sprinkler irrigation in water deficit areas.
Well,
Large dams for water reserve,
Small dams on the up streams tributaries for groundwater recharge.
thanks
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