Technically the term 'glass' is usually reserved only for melt-quenched amorphous solids. Sol-gel derived tellurites would simply be classed as amorphous solids.
To answer your actual question on other methods used to derive amorphous tellurites, there appear to be reports of various vapor deposition and sputtering methods, e.g.:
Moiseev, A. N., et al. "Production of TeO2-ZnO glasses by chemical vapor deposition from organo-metallic compounds." Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials 7.4 (2005): 1875-1879.
Šantić, Ana, et al. "Structural properties and crystallization of sodium tellurite glasses." Croatica Chemica Acta 81.4 (2008): 559-567.
Intyushin, E. B., and Yu I. Chigirinskii. "Preparation of amorphous films from tungsten tellurite glasses by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering of an oxide target." Glass Physics and Chemistry 31.2 (2005): 162-164.
Pietralunga, Silvia Maria, et al. "High-contrast waveguides in sputtered pure TeO2 glass thin films." Optics express 16.26 (2008): 21662-21670.