Hi Fernando Troya

For monitoring land degradation, there are several remotely sensed-dataset-based indices, which can be used in this aspect. Vegetation, soil, water, and meteorological indices are working efficiently. You could see the following articles which contain several above mentioned land degradation indices. Good luck.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338108410_Analysis_of_Agricultural_Drought_Rainfall_and_Crop_Yield_Relationships_in_Erbil_Province_the_Kurdistan_Region_of_Iraq_based_on_Landsat_Time-Series_MSAVI2

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337670012_Analysis_of_Agricultural_Drought's_Severity_and_Impacts_in_Erbil_Province_the_Iraqi_Kurdistan_Region_based_on_Time_Series_NDVI_and_TCI_Indices_for_1998_through_2017

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334119671_Environmental_Remote_Sensing_and_GIS_in_Iraq

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335540589_Drought_Monitoring_Using_Spectral_and_Meteorological_Based_Indices_Combination_A_Case_Study_in_Sulaimaniyah_Kurdistan_Region_of_Iraq

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235577590_Sand_dunes_monitoring_using_remote_sensing_and_GIS_techniques_for_some_sites_in_Iraq

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232992402_Drought_mapping_using_Geoinformation_technology_for_some_sites_in_the_Iraqi_Kurdistan_region

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51991369_Land_Degradation_Detection_Using_Geo-Information_Technology_for_Some_Sites_in_Iraq

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51991780_Environmental_Change_Monitoring_by_Geoinformation_Technology_for_Baghdad_and_its_Neighboring_Areas

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275155017_Assessing_and_Monitoring_the_Desertification_in_the_Northern_Part_of_Shaanxi_Province_China_Using_Geoinformation_Technology

Vegetation traits, soil physical and hydralic properties, planting pattern maybe