Which primers sets(Sense two sets) Antisense(Two sets) I should use in conventional PCR? Two sense and two antisense primers what does it means?

Dear Researchers, I have read an article and there are two set of primer pairs. Sense primers and antisense primers. The paragraph from the article is as [ The partial DNA-dependent RNA...

31 December 2019 7,502 7 View

Can anyone help in SOD activity buffers?

In 3ml, how can I make all these buffers, I have read this paper for SOD activity, Please find below [The 3 ml reaction mixture contained 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), 0.5 mM...

06 July 2019 3,610 6 View

How to prepare solution for GC-MS/LC-MS/HPLC from the barley root exudates/leaf extracts?

I want to check some metabolites from the root exudates or leaf extracts. Than I want to check the metabolites concentration like Jasmonic acid, via GC-MS, LC-MS or HPLC. Can anyone explain me...

03 April 2019 3,325 5 View

Can anyone explain PERMANOVA pairwise results?

Dear All, Can anyone explain the pairwise permanova for the group 1 and Group 2. The data is given as below: Group 1 Group 2 Sample size Permutations pseudo-F p-value q-value A C 12 999...

11 December 2018 5,320 0 View

How can I count conidia on the PDA petriplates incubated for two weeks with haemocytomer?

I have a haemocytometer with 25 major grids and each grid is divided into 16 small grids, The dept is 0.1mm. I put 10 ml ddH20 in petriplates and rub to get spores. I take 10ul from that 10 ml...

01 February 2018 2,594 1 View

What is the definition of the strains in terms of fungi?

Dear All, I have read several papers like these: twelve strains of fungus Trichoderma harzianum were evaluated against Phytopathogen. So in these case what would be the definition of strains?

10 November 2017 6,147 10 View

Can someone recommend a proper procedure for extractions of antibiotics and peptides from the fungi?

Dear All, I want to extract antibiotics and peptides from a fungi. Is there any proper procedure to extract antibiotics from the fungi.

10 November 2017 6,618 3 View

Could not get a good and clear band in the Gell electrophoresis?

I run the Gell for DNA of some of samples. However some DNA bands were thinner some were more thicker in size and some of them were like smear from top to bottom. What could be the reason?

10 November 2017 9,762 4 View

How can I measure the percent inhibition of a plant pathogen caused by bi-control fungus?

Dear All, I have cultured two fungi one 9cm petri plates. The growth of biocontrol agent is very slow but it has potential to parasitize a plant pathogen. I want to measure the percent inhibition...

10 November 2017 4,934 3 View

Cannot get any band in the gell from the PCR product (ITS primers) of soil DNA??

05 June 2017 9,169 6 View

Chlorinated organic formation in odor control scrubbers using hypochlorite?

I'm involved in a study of odor control technologies for municipal wastewater treatment plant. One of the control options involves a chemical 2-stage (acid/alkaline) packed bed scrubber. The...

03 March 2021 3,661 2 View

What solvent can I used for Paal Knorr reaction between 6-amino hexanoic acid and 2.5 hexanedione?

I am try to make the Paal Knorr reaction between 2.5 hexnedione and 6-amino hexanoic acid, my problem is type of solvent to use, because 6-hexaminohexanoic acid is soluble in water but I am not...

02 March 2021 4,443 2 View

How to compare different concentrations of nanoparticles for characterization from ICP-MS?

I took measurements of different concentrations of 15 nm and 5 nm Au nano particle solutions. I'm trying to determine which concentration I measured gives the best reading overall. I also...

02 March 2021 7,626 1 View

Ester cleavage conditions?

Hi all, I need to cleave the ester in Ethyl 2-amino-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate to make the carboxylic acid and retrieve the product from solution to use in downstream applications of linking to...

01 March 2021 8,766 3 View

Any research papers for extraction of nutrient deprivation on macroalgae? Analysed by HPLC-UV and GC/MS. Possibly from macroalgae genus Rhizoclonium?

I am doing my thesis on the nutrient deprivation on the macroalgae Rhizoclonium sp. I will be analysing the levels over a period of roughly 5 days by HPLC-UV and GC/MS. I will be using seawater as...

28 February 2021 6,477 1 View

How to remove DCU and HOBT from my reaction?

I am doing a acid and a chiral amino alcohol reaction using DCC and HOBT in DCM or THF? Can anyone suggest me how to remove DCU and HOBT from a reaction mixture??

28 February 2021 2,153 1 View

What is the most common number of epitopes in an multi-epitope Vaccine?

hi everyone, I'm interested in the field of vaccine design specifically multi-epitope cancer vaccines , I want to know if there is a minimum and maximum number of epitopes we could use in a...

27 February 2021 3,882 3 View

I want to performe MALDI-TOF MS for bacterial identification, I would appreciate it if anyone can tell me the matrix solution preparation protocol ?

based on what I've studied on multiple papers, for peptide and protein identification Alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) is an appropriate matrix to use, I also know that the CHCA powder...

26 February 2021 6,799 3 View

How to increase solubility of Poly acrylic acid in Dioxane solvent?

I am working with Polyacrylic acid (100.000Da) and instead of water, I need to use another solvent (dioxane) to dissolve PAA. However, because of the high molecular weight, it's quite hard to...

25 February 2021 2,225 5 View

Why is NH4OH added in heavy metals limit test?

The limit test I'm referring to is USP method II. In this procedure you need to dropwise add 6N of NH4OH to the sample until it the pH is alkali. After that you need to dilute and add HOAc until...

23 February 2021 2,049 3 View