Agoes JOESOEF Agoezy Agoes, Are you asking about the research a graphic designer routinely conducts prior to embarking on a client design project -or- research conducted in the field of graphic design ?? I'm going to assume you mean the latter. If so, conduct a search for Design and Graphic design journals.
Please keep in mind "design" is an evolving visual language. Made by people with common ideas and uncommon cultural sensibilities. The link below is a Ohio University list of design journals. There's many other sites like this. To these I'd add read the history of art & design starting with the Bauhaus. Then to Swiss graphic and typographic design. Next, Japanese. Iranian and India graphic design and typography. Follow this by looking at the design of Surf magazine and David Carson. He had a large influence on US graphic design and type composition. - Look at the work of Pentagram Studio in the US. - And lastly and possibly the biggest influence on US design and "Design Thinking" the IDEO studio. -- My personal advice; design isn't meant to be understood. Its our response to wondering. Wonder "what if I do this" evolves and changes design.
There are some Design Awards programmes where the award is judged on the effectiveness of the piece of design work - usually measured with metrics such as increased sales.
This is not academic quality research, but it is peer reviewed in the sense that an eminent industry judging panel assesses the claims made by the entrants, and the evidence supporting them, in relation to a piece of work.
I think it's a useful starting point and I encourage my own MA Design students to refer to it, to find examples of good commercial practice. It tends to measure commercial effectiveness (not artistic merit) - and is often relating to FMCG packaging applications of Graphic Design. The competition details are here: https://effectivedesign.org.uk/
I'm based in the U.S. and am a user experience designer trained in visual communication. I would explore the AIGA which is our main association for visual designers. https://www.aiga.org/ They do have a section with academic research that might be useful to you - https://www.aiga.org/resources/academic-design-education
I also like the journal Diseña out of South America which covers a range of design topics and is forward-thinking. https://www.revistadisena.uc.cl/index.php/Disena/issue/archive