Effects of epistasis can exist between genes, but the effects of epistasis on genes depend on the expression of genes, environmental conditions, stress levels, the location of genes on chromosomes, the type of trait in terms of genetic control status of the trait and plant type. The existence of these effects can be estimated by classical methods such as generation mean analysis. In molecular studies, changes in gene expression under stress conditions and their comparison with normal conditions in the form of experimental designs can help to study the status of genes.
unraveling the genetic architecture and the targeted identification of molecular networks using modern "OMICS" analyses, that can underpin drought tolerance mechanisms, is urgently required. Importantly, integrated studies intending to elucidate complex mechanisms can bridge the gap existing in our current knowledge about drought stress tolerance in plants. It is now well established that drought tolerance is regulated by several genes, including transcription factors (TFs) that enable plants to withstand unfavorable conditions, and these remain potential genomic candidates for their wide application in crop breeding. These TFs represent the key molecular switches orchestrating the regulation of plant developmental processes in response to a variety of stresses.
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