A group of scientists is conducting such research on the streets of Split 3, Croatia, and Zenica, at B&H. We would like to compare the results of similar research in cities with up to 300,000 inhabitants.
In response to your question, I am not aware of any research attempting to find out if there is any connection between number of pedestrians and street programme. However, I would assume that the number of pedestrians although importnat is unlikley to determine completly the street programme.
The street programme might be well shaped by the planning or economic regulations. For example, the planning doctrine in England would not allow for number of, especially large scale, similar uses on a single street or within an area, if there are similar facilities already in existance nearby. From the customer point of view this may look as supression of competition. However, from the authorities point of view they want to ensure the long term viability and economic sustainability of the busniess especially in the central district areas. Therefore, planners may insist for studies to be carried out to proove that there is an excess demand for a particular service or similar that would justify opening of a similar facility in the area.
I have not followed their recent work and therefore, i am not aware if "Space Sintax" might have carried out a reserach of a similar nature to the one being undertaken in Split and Zenica.
Also RIBA used to have an associated think-thank organisation called "Building Futures" that had a project on how demographhic and economic change will reshape the future of the high street, which may influence future programming of central areas.