There seems to exist an unresolved discrepancy between measurements of oxygen evolution in flash experiments with spinach thylakoids and green algae (Baianu et al., 1981; Baianu, 1989: Ch.6. in "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Agriculture." P.E. Pfeffer and W. Gerasimowicz, Eds., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL., pp.137-163. and references cited therein) on the one hand, and PS II membrane fragments on the other hand (G. Renger et al, 1996:FEBS Letters 378 (1996) 140-144, and references cited therein). The resolution of this issue has profound consequences for the existing mechanistic models of photosynthetic water oxidation by the PSII water-oxidation-complex (WOC) .