Is the joint US, UK and Israeli exercise in the Middle East called "Dawn" against Iran?

Preemptive strike exercise on nuclear facilities and countering "special threats" / A clear message from the US and UK to Iran in support of Israel

"Dawn" against Iran / Preemptive strike exercise on nuclear facilities and countering "special threats" / A clear message from the US and UK to Iran in support of Israel

The "Dawn" air exercise (Sunday, August 10), which began with the participation of the US, UK and Israel in the Middle East, has attracted the attention of international observers as one of the largest regional military maneuvers in recent years. The exercise, which Israeli officials said was "unusual and unplanned," was held amid rising tensions with Iran, with the participation of more than 170 fighter jets and advanced equipment. Why did these three countries hold the exercise at this critical juncture, and what are its implications for the region?

The Middle East has witnessed unprecedented tensions this summer: Iran’s escalation of its nuclear program by increasing its stockpile of 60% enriched uranium to 275 kilograms, Israel’s attacks on Iranian nuclear facilities in June 2025, and the ongoing conflicts in Gaza and southern Lebanon have pushed the region to the brink of a full-scale war. The “Dawn” exercise, involving 100 Israeli, 50 American, and 20 British fighters, was designed to “counter regional threats,” particularly Iran. The exercise pursues multiple objectives that are both military and political. These objectives can be assessed in the following areas:

1. Demonstration of power and deterrence against Iran:

The exercise took place at the same time as Iran increased its stockpile of 60% enriched uranium to 275 kilograms (International Atomic Energy Agency report, March 6, 2025). The main objective is to send a clear message to Iran that the United States, Britain, and Israel are ready to confront any nuclear or missile threat. The Jerusalem Post emphasizes that the aerial refueling exercise with KC-46 aircraft indicates readiness for long-range operations, such as an attack on Iranian nuclear facilities.

2. Strengthening military coordination between the three countries:

The statement from the Israeli army and CENTCOM (US Central Command) emphasizes “strengthening operational communication” and “developing joint capabilities.” The exercise is designed to coordinate between Israel’s F-35I and F-15I fighter jets, US B-52 bombers, and British Typhoon fighter jets to strengthen the capabilities of the three countries in complex scenarios.

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3. Increasing pressure on the axis of resistance:

The exercise is a response to “threats from Iran” and the axis of resistance, such as Lebanon’s Hezbollah and Hamas. Following the assassination of Hassan Nasrallah and Hashem Safi al-Din by Israel, the exercise seeks to weaken the morale of the resistance axis and demonstrate the West’s military superiority in the region.

4. Supporting regional allies:

The exercise is a message to regional partners, such as the UAE and Bahrain (signatories of the Abraham Accords), that cooperation with the West and Israel guarantees their security. According to Euronews, similar exercises have assured Arab countries that cooperation with Israel leads to a more secure future.

5. Strengthening Israel’s position in the region:

In this regard, Eyal Zamir, Chief of Staff of the Israeli Army, announced that 2025 will focus on “the war in Gaza and Iran.” The exercise will allow Israel to consolidate its position as a regional superpower.

Exercise equipment and equipment

The “Dawn” exercise was held using advanced equipment that demonstrates the high level of coordination and military capability of the three countries:

1. Fighters and bombers:

- Israel: 100 fighters, including the F-35I (fifth-generation stealth fighter) and the F-15I. These fighters are designed for precision strikes and long-range operations.

- America: 50 fighters, including the Boeing B-52 Stratofortress strategic bomber (based at RAF Fairford, UK) and F-35 fighters. The B-52 is capable of carrying nuclear weapons and cruise missiles.

- Britain: 20 Typhoon fighters, suitable for offensive and air defense operations.

2. Refueling aircraft:

15 American KC-46 tanker aircraft were used to support long-range operations. These aircraft are essential for possible attacks on distant targets, such as Iranian facilities.

3. Missile Defense Systems:

In this regard, there is a possibility of testing missile defense systems such as Arrow-3 and THAAD, which are designed to intercept Iranian ballistic missiles. Each THAAD missile costs about $12 million, and 100 to 150 THAAD missiles were fired during the 12-day war with Iran.

4. Drones and Electronic Warfare Systems:

The exercise included combat drones and electronic warfare systems, which are used to disrupt enemy communications and gather intelligence.

5. Warships and Naval Infrastructure:

Although the exercise was primarily air-based, there was a possibility of naval vessels, such as the aircraft carrier George H. W. Bush (similar to Juniper Oak 2023), participating for logistical support.

What equipment does this exercise include?

The combination of these assets reflects a focus on long-range operations, ballistic missile interception, and multidimensional coordination (air, sea, and cyber). The use of the B-52 and KC-46 in particular reflects a readiness for strategic strikes against targets deep within enemy territory. The “Dawn” exercise practiced several scenarios that, according to the IDF, were designed to “counter various regional threats”:

1. Simulating an attack on Iranian nuclear facilities:

According to the Jerusalem Post, the exercise included practicing bombing long-range targets and aerial refueling, which are essential for attacking Iranian nuclear facilities. This scenario has become more important after Iran’s uranium stockpile increased and Israel’s June 2025 attacks on Iran.

2. Intercepting ballistic missiles:

The exercise was conducted to intercept long-range missiles, using the Paykan-3 and THAAD systems, to counter Iranian ballistic missiles (such as the Khorramshahr or Sejjil missiles). Iran still has about 1,000 ballistic missiles with enough range to reach Israel.

3. Coordinated multi-front operations:

The exercise simulated complex scenarios on the northern (Lebanon), southern (Gaza), and eastern (Iran) fronts. According to the IDF Chief of Staff, the exercise was designed to prepare for imminent crises.

4. Electronic and Cyber Warfare:

The use of jungle systems and drones to disrupt enemy communications and simulate cyberattacks on enemy infrastructure was part of the exercise.

5. Offensive Operations:

Exercises were conducted to counter Iranian proxy groups, such as Hezbollah and Hamas, which included simulated drone and missile attacks.

These plans reflect a focus on offensive and defensive scenarios targeting Iran and resistance-aligned groups. The aerial refueling and long-range operations exercises in particular demonstrate readiness for an attack on Iran, while the missile defense exercises are designed to reduce vulnerability to an Iranian response. In this regard, the reasons for holding the “Dawn” exercise can be assessed as a combination of regional, international, and domestic factors:

1. Intensification of Iran's nuclear program:

The increase in Iran's stockpile of 60 percent uranium to 275 kilograms and the statements of Rafael Grossi, Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency, about "serious concerns" about Iran's nuclear program were the main drivers of the exercise. The United States and Israel have repeatedly stated that they will not allow Iran to obtain nuclear weapons.

2. Response to resistance axis attacks:

After the assassination of Hezbollah leaders (Hassan Nasrallah and Hashem Safi al-Din) and Ismail Haniyeh of Hamas, resistance groups have increased missile and drone attacks on Israel. This exercise is a message to these groups to reduce attacks.

3. Strengthening the US maximum pressure policy:

After returning to the White House in 2025, Donald Trump revived the maximum pressure policy against Iran. This exercise is part of this strategy to increase military and political pressure on Iran.

4. Consolidating the strategic alliance:

The exercise demonstrates the close alliance of the US, Britain and Israel. According to CENTCOM, this was the third bomber task force exercise in two weeks, demonstrating unprecedented coordination.

5. Domestic pressures in Israel:

The government of Benjamin Netanyahu is facing domestic pressures after the Gaza and Lebanon wars. The exercise, as a show of force, helps strengthen the government's position.

Scenarios practiced in the exercise

The scenarios for the "Dawn" exercise, according to sources and analysis, are as follows:

1. Preemptive strike on Iran:

A simulation of an attack on Iranian nuclear facilities, using F-35 and B-52 fighters, and support from KC-46 tankers. This scenario was to test the ability to penetrate Iranian airspace and destroy strategic targets.

2. Countering Iranian missile attacks:

Exercising to intercept Iranian ballistic missiles with THAAD and Paykan-3 systems, especially after the 12-day war that showed the poor accuracy of Iranian missiles.

3. Multi-front war:

Simulating simultaneous conflict in Gaza, Lebanon, and the eastern borders of Israel, with the aim of testing coordination between the forces of the three countries in complex scenarios.

4. Cyber and jungle operations:

Exercising to disrupt enemy radar and communication systems, using drones and electronic warfare systems, to weaken the enemy's ability to respond.

5. Regional crisis management:

Exercising logistics and transferring forces to the region in the event of an escalation of conflicts, using warships and regional bases.

What message does the Dawn exercise have for the countries of the Middle East?

The Dawn exercise was held at a time when regional tensions have reached their peak. Iran’s growing nuclear stockpile, Israeli attacks on Iranian facilities, and assassinations of resistance leaders have pushed the region toward widespread conflict. The exercise not only sends a message to Iran and the axis of resistance, but also reassures Western regional allies, such as the UAE and Bahrain, that US and British support is intact. The exercise demonstrates the West’s determination to prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons. The aerial refueling and use of B-52s send a clear message that the US and Israel have the ability to strike deep into Iranian territory. Cooperation with the UK and a display of coordination with Israel will encourage Gulf Arab states to expand their relations with Israel. The exercise also sends a message to Russia and China that the US remains the preeminent power in the Middle East.

However, the exercise has increased the risk of inadvertent conflict and escalation. The future of the region depends on the ability of both sides to manage these tensions and return to diplomacy.

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