Is the intensity of radiation maximum in solar radiation and what of incoming solar energy is absorbed by the Earth's system?
Rk Naresh Yes Sir, the intensity of solar radiation is at its maximum when sunlight is perpendicular to the Earth's surface, typically around solar noon. This is when the Sun is directly overhead at the equator, and the solar radiation is most concentrated. The intensity of solar radiation is affected by factors such as the angle of incidence and the Earth's axial tilt, causing variations in different locations and seasons.
As for the amount of incoming solar energy absorbed by the Earth's system, on average, about 70% of the incoming solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's surface, oceans, and atmosphere. This absorbed solar energy is a crucial driver of Earth's climate and various environmental processes. The remaining 30% is reflected back into space, with a portion of it being reflected by clouds, atmospheric particles, and the Earth's surface.
This balance between absorption and reflection is essential for maintaining the Earth's energy balance and sustaining the planet's climate. The absorbed solar energy is responsible for heating the Earth's surface, driving weather patterns, supporting the water cycle, and providing the energy necessary for life on Earth.
Generally, the higher the latitude, the greater the range in solar radiation received over the year and the greater the difference from season to season. The maximum radiation intensity of the solar spectrum occurs at 500 nm, towards the blue end of the visible range. The complete spectrum comprises the ultraviolet (UV), visible (Vis) and infrared (IR) wavelengths. However, 99 per cent of the energy of solar radiation is contained in the wavelength band from 0.15 to 4 μm, comprising the near ultraviolet, visible and near infrared regions of the solar spectrum, with a maximum at about 0.5 μm. The intensity of radiation emitted by the sun has its maximum value at a wavelength of 510 nm and that emitted by the North Star has the maximum value at 350 nm. Spectral distribution of the intensity of solar radiation in various conditions. The average intensity of solar radiation near the surface can be 635 W / m 2; on a very clear sunny day, this value ranges from 950 W / m 2 to 1220 W / m2, with an average value of about 1000 W / m2. The spectrum of the radiation emitted by the sun is close to that of a black body at a temperature of 5,900K. About 8% of the energy is in the ultra-violet region, 44% is in the visible region, and 48% is in the infra-red region. I0 = 1.37 ± 0.02kW/m2. As you can imagine, as the radiation moves farther from the Sun, the same amount of energy is spread out over a larger area (which is proportional to the square of the distance from the source), which makes the flux (power per unit area) correspondingly smaller. On Earth, the contribution to the annual terrestrial dose of natural ionizing radiation of 2.4 mSv by cosmic radiation is about 1/6, whereas the annual exposure caused by GCR on the lunar surface is roughly 380 mSv (solar minimum) and 110 mSv (solar maximum). About 23 percent of incoming solar energy is absorbed in the atmosphere by water vapor, dust, and ozone, and 48 percent passes through the atmosphere and is absorbed by the surface. Thus, about 71 percent of the total incoming solar energy is absorbed by the Earth system. The remaining 47 percent passes through the atmosphere and is absorbed in Earth's land and sea which makes up nearly 71 percent of the entire world. The 70 percent of solar energy the Earth absorbs per year equals roughly 3.85 million exajoules. When the angle of incidence of the solar energy is 90 ° the solar panel's absorptivity of the solar energy is about 90 % indicating that around 10 % of the sunlight is reflected. Only 6 % to 20 % of this energy absorbed is converted to electricity. The other 94 to 80 % is converted to heat. The Sun provides the Earth with most of its energy. Today, about 71% of the sunlight that reaches the Earth is absorbed by its surface and atmosphere. Absorption of sunlight causes the molecules of the object or surface it strikes to vibrate faster, increasing its temperature.
Yes, the intensity of radiation is maximum in solar radiation at a wavelength of around 500 nanometers (nm), which falls within the visible range of light. This means that the human eye is most sensitive to green light, and this is why plants appear green.
Approximately 30% of incoming solar energy is reflected by clouds, atmosphere, and other surfaces, while 70% is absorbed by the Earth's system. Of this absorbed energy, about half is used to heat the Earth's surface and atmosphere, while the other half is used to drive evaporative processes, such as the production of clouds and precipitation.
Here is a breakdown of how the Earth's system absorbs and distributes solar energy:
- Reflected solar radiation: 30%
- Absorbed solar radiation: 70%Heating: 50% Evaporation: 20%
The remaining 10% of solar energy is converted into other forms of energy, such as wind, waves, and photosynthesis.
Rk: It looks like you use chatbtp or similar AI tools with our contributions to generate elaborate answers to your own questions. If that's the case, you should be transparent about it!
The intensity of radiation varies with solar radiation, depending on various factors such as location, time of day, and atmospheric conditions.
The amount of solar energy absorbed by the Earth's system depends on factors such as the Earth's albedo (reflectivity), greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and the composition of the Earth's surface. Additionally, clouds, aerosols, and other atmospheric components can also affect the amount of solar energy absorbed by the Earth's system.
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