This morning, I found a couple of paragraphs in a book I had published a year ago which made me wonder if the EmDrive, EM Drive or radio frequency (RF) resonant cavity thruster should be renamed the Possible Engine. I don't know if these are more deep thoughts or if it's just my subconscious telling me I have a secret crush on Supergirl 📷 but here are those 2 paragraphs -
"British engineer Roger Shawyer proposed the EmDrive, EM Drive or radio frequency (RF) resonant cavity thruster in 1999 and it's claimed to use patented microwave technology which converts electrical energy into thrust by amplification of the microwaves creating pressure which drives the vehicle's front forwards. Light is one form of electromagnetism – microwaves are another (so they also obey James Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic laws and their solution for both retarded and advanced components of the waves).* So some of the microwaves are advanced, and travelling back in time.^ To this action, there is - agreeing with Isaac Newton's 3rd law of motion - an equal and opposing reaction i.e. a thrust forward in time. Since space can never be regarded separately from time, an object in space is affected and the forward thrust in time could power a spacecraft through the void via the EM Drive.
* Gravitational waves must also have advanced and retarded portions. Einstein's equations say gravitational fields carry enough information about electromagnetism to allow Maxwell's equations to be restated in terms of these gravitational fields. This was discovered by the mathematical physicist George Yuri Rainich. [George Yuri Rainich, Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 27, 106 - Rainich, G. Y. (1925)]
^ The attached "Topological Propulsion Through Space-time" should explain how advanced waves are indeed possible.
"What are the consequences if gravitational fields play an essential role in the structure of elementary particles,** and if gravitational waves can travel back in time? Then the equal and opposite reaction providing the forward thrust in time could not only "power a spacecraft through the void", but it could power anything with gravitational waves in its composition. This includes giving controlled flight to Superman and Supergirl, without any jetpacks - acting in a manner similar to the proposed method of EmDrive, superbeings would be powered through the air."
** The section about vector-tensor-scalar geometry in "Topological Propulsion ..." explains the relation between gravitational fields and elementary particles.
"Out of Time - Predicting the Science of Future Centuries and Millennia (Edition 2)", 19 October 2021, Page 1-93 https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-5547-061-4
There have been a lot of discussions and claims around this type of microwave cavity thruster;I would say as a bottom line"forget it";I should not work by basic principles and and does not work..other wise it would be used..too nice to be true
of course this discussion will go on forever: Suggestion :Provide a convincing demo
Fritz Caspers
I received an email today from Prof. Zeb Rocklin (School of Physics, Georgia Tech, USA) which agrees with you. He wrote, "As I understand it, the "Impossible Engine" purports to start at rest and then move forward without exchanging any momentum with its environment. That is indeed impossible in a flat spacetime. It's not impossible in a curved spacetime, but the effect is incredibly small and not, as I understand it, consistent with the empirical claims surrounding the "Impossible Engine"."
This is how I replied -
Your understanding of the Impossible Engine sounds totally correct to me. It would also apply to what I wrote about how the Engine could work. The advanced waves providing forward thrust according to Newton's 3rd Law of Motion need to be amplified trillions - maybe trillions of trillions - of times to provide the desired effect. Amplification could be achieved through the theories of Max Tegmark, MIT professor of cosmology, that the universe is literally composed of mathematics. Building on his belief, let's say electronics' binary digits (BITS) of 1 and 0 - aka base 2 maths - are the ultimate composition of, and are used to program/code for/ "draw", Mobius strips. Then two Mobius strips can unite to form a figure-8 Klein bottle. Trillions of Mobius strips can form a photon, and trillions of more complex figure-8 Klein bottles can form the more complex graviton. (The Klein is immersed, not embedded, in the 3rd dimension - a photograph of a stapler is a 2-dimensional immersion of a 3-dimensional stapler, and an immersion may have self-intersections; embeddings have no self-intersections.) If the whole universe is projected from 2D (as proposed by the holographic-universe theory), then both gravitational and electromagnetic waves must be projections from 2D, too i.e. from the Mobius strip which is made up of binary digits. Therefore, the range of frequencies (aka bandwidth) called gravitational and electromagnetic waves is composed of BITS. The universe is a mass of this gravitational-electromagnetic unification (and there is nothing except sufficient bandwidth). Since the advanced part of waves is digital and made of BITS, the advanced waves can indeed be amplified by electronics’ transistors.
There is a very !!!! faint theoretical possibility: We are all in a sea of (Relic) axions and dark photons on earth; if you can manage to have an interaction in your high power cavity with such kind of dark matter particles (so far nobody has "seen" them on earth also using RF cavities and the accelerate them then there might be a theoretical chance but first find one of them in s cavity and get a Nobel prize.
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