Please have a look at these links

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652615000141

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305846543_Utilization_of_excavated_soil_in_coal_ash-based_controlled_low_strength_material_CLSM

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269410178_Tools_for_Management_of_Construction_and_Demolition_Waste

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258224434_A_Review_of_Construction_Waste_Cause_Factors

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/27474724_Identification_of_construction_waste_in_road_highway_construction_projects

Good luck

Article Utilization of excavated soil in coal ash-based controlled l...

Conference Paper Tools for Management of Construction and Demolition Waste

Conference Paper A Review of Construction Waste Cause Factors

Conference Paper Identification of construction waste in road & highway const...

In Germany sometimes yes, sometimes no, depends what legislation is apllied to the cause. This is not necessarily scientific sound, but a legal issue.

In Italy you have to classify the excavated soil according to the waste classification. Their disposal or  reuse in construction depends on the risks connected to the classification. I ttach a cohompresive guide on Itlain legislation, I hope you can understand something by using google translate

Per il riutilizzo di terre e rocce da scavo ottenute quali sottoprodotti, si applica l’art. 186 del Decreto Legislativo 3 aprile 2006, n. 152, come modificato dal Decreto Legislativo 16 gennaio 2008 n. 4 e da eventuali ulteriori successive modificazioni e con l’avvenuta integrazione dell’art. 185 con l’entrata in vigore della Legge 28 gennaio 2009 n. 2, con le precisazioni ed i chiarimenti riportati nei successivi articoli.Le terre e rocce da scavo sono costituite da materiale che si origina dallo scavo di terreni vergini, dove sono assenti rifiuti (ad es. rifiuti da costruzione e demolizione, scorie ecc. ) o materiali di origine antropica.

Possono essere gestite come:

−      Rifiuto (art. 183 comma 1 lett. a))                                      

−      Sottoprodotto (art. 186)

I find many times the reuse of excavated  soil at or near the same site especially in house construction.