What has Led to the Resurgence of Migration from Developing to Developed Countries?
Is this a Modern form of Slavery in Disguise?
Who Caused What: The Enemy Within or Without?
Is this the Beginning of the End for the World?
I agree with Ivo Carneiro de Sousa. Basically migration and slavery are two different phenomena. What is true, however, is the fact that some of the worst forms of slavery are connected to human trafficking and therefore they tend to be collocated within the broad scenario of migrations flows. This notwithstanding I am skeptical in subscribing the idea that migration might be an indicator for modern slavery (nor a leading one, at least).
If you are interested in these issues here is the link to the Jean Monnet centre of excellence on Migrants' Rights in the Mediterranean. http://www.jmcemigrants.eu/
It is a network of researchers dealing with migration flows issues (mainly, but not only, from a legal perspective) and human trafficking is one of the topic on which researchers are working on.
Modern slavery is different with migration of course. But influx of migration strengthen the risk of modern slavery. Current case of migrant crisis in Europe where many organized crime taking action to target vulnerable people and trap then to the forced labor and sexual commercial activity.
The open border among EU member states have also increase trafficking from the east to the west as there is no border management control among the state.
In southeast Asia, after economic crisis, the mass migration flow has also increased the risk to trafficking.
Resurgence of migration are caused by many factors. Can be economic, conflict, natural disaster and other factors. I think many NGOs such as UN have explained pull and push factors of human trafficking / modern slavery
Indicator of modern slaverybcan be found in Walk Free foundation website, normally available in global slavery index report
I agree with your opinion,Migrated men, women, young people, children and families may experience slavery conditions in a range of industries and situations such as: Construction trades, Domestic work, Farm work, Factory work, forced marriage, Retail – green grocer, bakery, car wash, beauty therapy services, Sex services.
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A Better Way to Fight Modern Slavery!
"Human trafficking is big business. It generates profits of nearly $150 billion annually. Yet because it is a black market activity, it is extremely difficult to track.
The 2016 Global Slavery Index, recently issued by The Walk Free Foundation, estimates there are 45.8 million victims of human trafficking worldwide—nearly 10 million more than estimated in the 2015 report. Andrew Forrest, the foundation’s founder, attributes the apparent increase in victims to improved methodology and to global instability that increases vulnerabilities to human trafficking. According to the Index, Asia remains a hotbed of human trafficking. Fifty-eight percent of all human trafficking victims live in just five Asian countries: India, China, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Uzbekistan. India alone is estimated to have more than 18 million victims, and at least four percent of North Korea’s population is enslaved.
The Index has come under fire for having questionable methodology. The Walk Free Foundation collaborates with Gallup, conducting twenty-five surveys and interviewing over 42,000 people, to compile the data from which it extrapolates to make its estimates. But at the very least, it represents a good-faith effort to quantify the problem. And Walk Free’s work is needed. Despite sixteen years of concerted anti-trafficking efforts—there is still no reliable, comprehensive governmental data source on human trafficking...."
http://www.cirsd.org/news/article/a-better-way-to-fight-modern-slavery
http://nationalinterest.org/feature/better-way-fight-modern-slavery-16442
Migration and slavery are two different things. Modern USA i sthe result of migration, first from Europe and later from many different continents. No dount the USA demographic situation is also the result of slavery, but often migration is a decsion by the migrant with the purpose to improve his/her life, often successful. Human trafficiking has many backgrounds. At times it is the smuggling of human with their consent and usually the payment of a substantial amount of money, at times human trafficing is against the wish of those who are trafficked, and leading them into lives of severe hardship and humanilation. So the mobility of people can have very different backgrounds, at times the issues are overlapping (people consent to human smuggling and then end not what they expected to achieve......). Also unsuccessful migrants at times have to sell their work power at deflated rates, doing un-decent work..... However still at the end of the day I would deny that migrqation and slovery are so unidimensional reated that the question may suggest.
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