Dear Hazirah,

During introduction or réintroduction of orchidaceous or other plants it need to study the living cycle, winch is very complex for ORfamily. And also, the possibility for the clon-plants to have many ecotopes and the climat change condition. So, you can used more different pollinators!

Good day,

MTT

Establishing a single clone in nature is almost never a good idea. The effects of inbreeding on fitness vary between species, but in most plant species outbreeding is essential to maintain fitness. Natural pollination will only restore heterozygosity if wild individuals of the species are common at the site, in which case establishing cloned plants makes no sense. If the species is rare, the risk is that pollen from the clone will dominate pollination of the wild individuals, reducing genetic diversity in the next generation. For endangered species, you should always use plants grown from seed if you are adding plants to an existing wild population or you will do more harm than good. If the wild population is extinct, then using cloned plants may help support animals that depend on them, but if you want to re-establish a self-supporting wild plant population you need to use seed-grown plants or, at least, multiple clones.

Following article could be of your interest in this regard:

Hu, A.-Q., S.W. Gale, P. Kumar, R.M.K. Saunders, M. Sun & G.A. Fischer. 2017. Preponderance of clonality triggers loss of sex in Bulbophyllum bicolor, an obligately outcrossing epiphytic orchid. Molecular Ecology 26 (13): 3358–3372. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.14139

There should be clones of many different individuals in the pool that is being introduced to nature, so that genetic frecuencies remain identic or similar to those in nature. This way an augment in population density, which probably would help in species' preservation, could be reached without genetic pauperization. Then, polinization will help increasing heterozigosity and thus diversity.

Dear Hazirah,

"Heterogeneity could be re-established to the native habitats

but not "after a few years",

It need about 50 generations of natural pollinisation for retour to parent genoms.

See not about orchis, but interesting point of view:

https://archive.org/stream/proceedingsofbot07bota/proceedingsofbot07bota_djvu.txt

He wrote that he found this rarity growing wild in Wyre Forest and that no other writer or botanist of that time had ever mentioned it as a native tree. (See Jeffrey, 1918.) The next specific ...... 366. Armeria.

Gorenflot, R., 1966, Introduction a une etude biosystematique du genre Armeria Willd., C. r. hebd. Seanc. Acad Sci., Paris ...

Best regards

MTT