It strongly depends on the molecular structure of the aldehyde. But if you want to seperate aliphatic aldehydes from by-products like alcohols or carbon acids, chromatographic purification on a silica column is possible. Start with hexane or pentane and elute with 97% hexane/pentane and 3% diethyl ether. Aldehydes are eluted and alcohols and carbon acid stay in the column.
But while doing the column in silica after neutralised with triethylamine, the aldehyde got decomposed. Is it possible to do chromatography in another adsorbent?
Chromatographic separation of aliphatic aldehydes on a silicagel column is preferable. It can be elutde with 97% hexane and 3% diethyl ether/ethyl acetate. Aldehyde is eluted and alcohols and acids stay in the column.