the sample was formed from a group of pregnant women who were diabetic either gestational diabetes or else and the mortality and morbidity of their children were recorded. why is it a descriptive, not a cohort, although they are a cohort group share the same risk factor?
The primary use of 'cohort' in at least social research implies a group defined by birth year(s) or some other defining demographic. It is generally not used to describe a group characterised by some other feature. But that's a subtle distinction and not a hard definition. I wouldn't say that this is NOT a cohort study, but it's not the best use of the term for this study.
My vote is prospective cohort. Patients were entered into the study with a defined characteristic—diabetes and pregnancy, and followed for an outcome— fetal mortality. 
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