Correlation between sarcopenia and vitamin D. I wonder, any idea on how many of those studies demonstrate a causal link? The mere correlation between sarcopenia and decreased mobility and decreased time spent outside feels strong. On the other hand, vitamin D is best classified as a true hormone. I believe some huge fraction (1/4th?) of our genes are under transcriptional or other regulatory influence of Vitamin D.
Regarding sunlight, I am reminded of mitochondrial photosensitivity to infrared light. This makes sense with mitochondria being cousins of chloroplasts. Cytochrome C oxidase in the electron respiration chain is, I understand, particularly sensitive to 880nm wavelength, resulting in dissociation of nitrous oxide. NO, in turn, plays a significant role in healthy endothelial function. Sunlight improves blood flow. (If you can find any literature demonstrating easy NO flow from mitochondria into intracellular matrix, let me know; I'm still unclear on that).
Every trial found Scopenia to be associated with low vitamin D - Meta-analysis 2018
Improved muscle function in postmenopausal women with just 1,000 IU of vitamin D daily – RCT May 2015
Vitamin D and bicarbonate perhaps synergistically reduce muscle loss – June 2013
Muscle loss (sarcopenia) may be both prevented and treated by Omega-3 – Feb 2019
Added 1 lb of muscle to sarcopenia adults in 13 weeks with just 800 IU vitamin D and protein – RCT Jan 2017
Improved muscle function in postmenopausal women with just 1,000 IU of vitamin D daily – RCT May 2015
The most effective factors to offset sarcopenia and obesity in the older Korean: Physical activity, vitamin D, and protein intake Nutrition Jan 2017 doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.06.004
Vitamin D supplementation improves muscle strength in healthy adults – meta-analysis of 6 RCT Aug 2014
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Yes NO is made by the sun, and NO helps health in many ways
Mead MN. Benefits of sunlight: a bright spot for human health. Environ Health Perspect. 2008 Apr;116(4):A160-7. Erratum in: Environ Health Perspect. 2008 May;116(5):A197. PubMed PMID: 18414615; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2290997.