Is India one of the mega diverse nations of the world and biodiversity higher in the surface region of the ocean than in the bottom region of the ocean?
Absolutely. The Wesern Ghats alone are one of the world's most important hotspots for biodiversity. Biodiversity is absoluey higher in the shallower regions of the oceans, falling off dramatically with the loss of sunlight.
In fact, India is one of the world's mega diverse countries, with 45,000 plant species and twice as many animal species. India has only 2.4 per cent of the world's land area, but it has 8.1 per cent of the world's species diversity, making it one of the world's 12 mega diversity countries. Australia is home to 84% of plant species, mammals, and 45% of birds. Other countries are the United States, India, China, South Africa, Brazil, Mexico, Madagascar, Congo, Indonesia, Malaysia, Ecuador, Philippines, Venezuela, Peru, Colombia, and Papua New Guinea. Thus, mega diversity means a large number of species are present in the ecosystem. As India is rich in the diversity of animals and plants, India is called a mega diversity center.India is a diverse country with all the major religions of the world. There are close to 1600 languages spoken in India. India has geographical diversity in the form of mountains, plains, plateaus, deserts and islands. India is renowned for having a diverse ecosystem, and 23.39% of its land is covered in trees and forests with nearly 91,000 identified animal species and 45,500 documented plant species. Four of the world's 36 biodiversity hotspots are located in India: The Himalayas, Western Ghats, Indo-Burma area, and Sundaland. India is a land of diverse culture and religion. It is the only country that willfully withstands the slogan 'Unity in Diversity'. Yet only 16% of all named species on Earth are marine. Species richness decreases with depth in the ocean, reflecting wider geographic ranges of deep sea than coastal species. The oceans appear ideal for biodiversity they have unlimited water, a large area, are well connected, have less extreme temperatures than on land, and contain more phyla and classes than land and fresh waters. Coral reefs are considered to be the most biologically diverse of all marine ecosystems, supporting an estimated 25 percent of all marine life and 32 of the current 34 existing animal phyla. Yet they cover a mere 0.2 percent of the ocean floor. The ocean is one of the main repositories of the world's biodiversity. It constitutes over 90 per cent of the habitable space on the planet and contains some 250,000 known species, with many more remaining to be discovered at least two thirds of the world's marine species are still unidentified. Because of rapid changes in water temperature, salinity and nutrient concentrations, and due to overfishing, habitat destruction and the introduction of foreign species, global biological diversity in the oceans is rapidly declining. Out of which it is believed that 6.5 million species are there on land and 2.2 million in the oceans. The major reason is that much of the ocean cannot be occupied by living beings easily. The life exists at the top and the very bottom of the sea not that much in between
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