It appears unlikely that formaldehyde is causative on the basis of its airway toxicology, e.g. (World Health Organization, 2010;Golden, 2011;Wolkoff and Nielsen, 2010;Paustenbach et al., 1997;Nielsen et al., 2013).

Combustion products (wood stoves) and mold spores would be more probable.

Golden R (2011) Identifying an Indoor Air Exposure Limit for Formaldehyde Considering Both Irritation and Cancer Hazards. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 41:672-721.

Nielsen GD, Larsen S T and Wolkoff P (2013) Recent Trend in Risk Assessment of Formaldehyde Exposures From Indoor Air. Arch Toxicol 87:73-98.

Paustenbach DJ, Alarie Y, Kulle T, Schachter N, Smith R, Swenberg J, Witschi H and Horowitz S B (1997) A Recommended Occupational Exposure Limit for Formaldehyde Based on Irritation. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 50:217-263.

Wolkoff P and Nielsen G D (2010) Non-Cancer Effects of Formaldehyde and Relevance for Setting an Indoor Air Guideline. Environ Int 36:788-799.

World Health Organization (2010) Selected Pollutants. WHO Indoor Air Quality Guidelines. WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen.

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