I've noticed a revival in papers that use clustering as part of the network design of a vehciular ad-hoc network. To me it seems intuitively obvious, both from a security and a network management perspective, that performing clustering is an expensive and risky task with unclear gains. I'm wondering whether there is any work that addresses this more general question, rather than trying to show the feasibility of a specific clustering scheme for a specific application. More specifically, I'd like to see some discussion on these questions to either confirm or revise my intuitive standpoint:

 - Is real-world traffic really stable enough to have clusters?

 - How significant is the overhead needed for cluster management compared to a simple broadcast network?

 - Is it really possible to design a clustering scheme that is secure against compromised cluster heads/leaders?

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