1. The Idea of alternative nucleon states is suggested by the near-identity of the masses of neutron and proton.
2. Charge Independence into one of Charge-Symmetry.
3. A new Quantum number : Charge Parity tells us about the nuclear wave function - Whether is it an even or odd.
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/elementary-particles/
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v172/n4378/abs/172576a0.html
Alapati @
According to you personal info, you have the incredible luck of attending one of the best and most prestigious universities in the world. As long as you are a student there you must spend all your time studying your chosen courses and work diligently with all exercises.
You have absolutely no time to attend ResearchGate! If you have questions to ask, contact your teachers or their TA's. And discuss with your fellow students. Asking questions on ResearchGate can easily lead to very misleading and unhelpful answers.
I wish you the best of luck with your studies.
PS. I don't think you should upload so much of other peoples work on ResearchGate; that can be in violation of copyright laws.
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