I think the proliferation of e-cigarettes is one factor. It is marketed with different flavors and attractive packaging to lure youngsters. Also it is easier to access. The social milieu has changed in the last 20 or so years. Teenagers' activities are now more centered in isolated activities such as following social media on their cell phones, playing video games, etc. This type of sedentary life style tends to foster behaviors such as smoking.
Nowadays the role models are the film actors/actress, musicians etc. And from the characters they display that amuse the young and the live in their real life is different from what they display that attracts the young is the main promoter of such behaviours.
Part of the reasons for the increase in youngsters smoking has been the social context and social influence, among others. For example, during high school, students form peer groups. Often peers become a strong social influence for behavior, in general, and this can affect thinking about smoking.
Dear respected researchers, Bakhodir S. Okhundedaev, Srini Vasan, Mala Babagana Gutti and Tefera Tadesse, thank you very much for your valuable contributions.
The way mass media show tobacco product use as a normal activity can make young people want to try these products. Youth are more likely to use tobacco products if they see people their age using these products. Genetic factors may make quitting smoking harder for young people
Dear Dr. Karl Pfeifer , thank you very much for your nice comment and useful links, however, but for your inquiry. The World Health Organization (WHO)reports gives that young smokers are increasing especially in Middle East countries.
I've just looked at some of the WHO webpages. They do talk about increases, but it's unclear whether they are talking about % of people who smoke or absolute consumption (e.g. quantity of tobacco consumed) an increase in which could be compatible with a declining % of smokers, given population increases. My own observation (living in Canada and now Australia) is that smoking amongst teens and university students has radically declined (I haven't seen any smokers in 4 years at Monash University – true it's a smokefree campus, but people could still smoke in the bus area, parking lots, or on the sidewalks at the edge of campus). The main holdouts I noticed in Canada were indigenous youths and youths from low-income or welfare families. I can see how male youths in the Middle East might be an exception to a downward trend. Isn't smoking among Arab or Turkish boys, along with wearing long pants, almost a rite of passage into manhood? Even though I am a nonsmoker, I was once advised to carry some cigarettes to offer as a polite gesture when backpacking in the Middle East because almost everyone there smokes.
Apart from social influences, I think lack of focus in life, and certain beliefs that smoking can help in performing certain tasks, especially in rural areas.
Dear researchers Karl Pfeifer, Arvind Singh , Joshua O. Ighalo, Sahya Maulu , Elhadi I. Dekam and Yehya A. Salih thank you very much for your valuable contribution.
1. Stimulation: some do smoke for stimulation, smoking wakes them up, they feel smoking makes them organized or keeps them going throughout the day.
2. Handling/Routine: some smoke as a routine or because they enjoy handling a cigarette.
3. Tension Reduction: some reach out for cigarette when they feel stressed.
4. Pleasurable Relaxation: some smoke just for the pleasure of it.
However, for whatever reasons, there are strategies to reduce the number of sticks of cigarette daily or to even stop for those who are willing to stop (many wants to stop but they find it difficult). Below are hints..
First, you need to know why you smoke, for pleasure or for stimulation or to reduce tension or is it a routine?
**If you smoke for stimulation, instead of smoking, you can find some other things that can stimulate you, or you can try the following:
- do a few exercises
- take 10 deep breaths
- splash cold water on your face
- brush your teeth with mint-flavored toothpaste
- drink a glass of water with lemon
You can think of other things that can help.
**If you smoke as a routine, you should constantly keep your mind busy, you can try the following instead of smoking..
- doodle with a pencil
- squeeze a power ball
- play with a toothpick or carrot stick
- handle or flip a coin
- hull sunflower seeds or pistachio nuts
- slowly sip water or fruit juice
- start a hobby using hands: sewing, woodworking, panting, and so on.
- snap a rubber band
You can think of other things that appeal to you.
**If you smoke to reduce tension, instead of smoking, choose to do something else that can calm your nerves, make you happy or grateful, or try the following:
- take a leisurely walk, take the breaths and enjoy the fresh air, listen to birds and children playing.
- listen to calming music.. in your car, on your smart phone, or in your home.
- get plenty of rest, aim at 7 or 8 hours of sleep at night, try to avoid naps if possible
- take several slow, deep breaths.
- remind yourself why you are doing this and never give up
- focus on someone you love
- take a warm bath
- count your blessings- your family, your friends, your job, your home...
Gratitude triggers endorphins, those feel-good hormones.
**If you smoke for the pleasure of it, you can seek out other pleasurable activities, no matter how simple it may seem, or try the following:
- go for a leisurely walk
- read pleasant stories
- focus on senses that are not involved in smoking (sight, hearing).
- visit with a non-smoking friend
- soak in a tub for warm water
- do something nice for someone who can't repay you.
Omar - Faulty socialization - not only home situation but situation outside the family is more dangerous. Research shows that peer group pressure and easy availability of cigarettes and substance drugs are prime factors responsible for addiction. Within family, it is mostly parental smoking or any other elder male or female smoking which are leading reasons for the rise of young smokers. It is advisable to spend some time with children and care for their needs and aspirations.
Neglect of the family to guiding children, environmental influences such as bad friends, social media, weak pedagogy and correct educational approach in kindergartens and primary schools, busy parents, problems between father and mother.
Dear respected researchers Dr Manzoor Hussain, Afraa Ibrahim, Salam Jassim Hmood, Segun Michael Abegunde and Mahesh Kumar many thanks for your nice and valuable statements.
Dear Professor Omar Ali Al-Khashman, the main reasons are the company of their friends, and the tension s/he getting during study when exams are on head, therefore these both are dependent .