I think it is difficult to choose one particular model over another, it depends on factors Others are influential, such as the economy, the nature of society, as well as the political history of the state.

Dear Marwan, thanks for the interesting question! Federalism is a system that has different designs but one common feature: to promote and manage unity and diversity, diversity and unity...in a world of increasing fragmentation, federalism seems to be better than unitarism...Federalim is also an ally of democracy, specially in multi-lingual, multi-ethnic and big states. Even centralized states, like China, have been interested in learning from federal experiences, due to the benefits of its modus vivendi. Regarding confederation, there are few examples of that and there is always the issue of soverengty that could be difficult to manage among the units... Best! Gilberto

These state constructions obeyed historical realities, particularities and circumstances. They still seers, yes. What should be discussed? If its way of functioning has implied an improvement in the quality of life of its members.

The unitary state model is a top-down construction (Colombia case), federalism is a state model built from the bottom up (US case). What have they lost? In which power has been stifled, and democracy in its classical sense has not been seen, has been manipulated mediately; and the general well-being has had not very good results.

It would be interesting to analyze the state model and the most appropriate form of government in each case, territory and region. Converting each territorial space into a micro State organized according to its own realities should be our goal.

In my view, research seems to disapprove the theory of federalism especially in the developing economies because poverty still remains and more particularly corruption perception index is also still high.With proper management unitary government is better.It promotes sense of belonging and unity of purpose. A country develops in continuum as opposed to decentralization which in most cases is dichotomous by nature . The process of decentralization finds itself in a crossroad between political decentralization and fiscal decentralization.Political pressure undermines fiscal decentralization as politicians fights for regional supremacy which in turn creates aggro economies which increase s household income inequalities(See MunyuaC 2019)