In the 1970s and 1980s there was a huge debate about visual deficits in adolescents and how this visual impairment is associated with criminal behavior (Bachara & Zaba, 1978; Broder et al., 1981; Clack, 1990; Lane, 1980; McKay & Brumback, 1980; Zinkus & Gottlieb, 1978). Vision trainings were established to reduce recidivism (Berman, 1989). Learning disabilities, specifically reading problems, could exclude children from further participating in social interactions and subsequently lead to frustrations and feelings of exclusion (Dzik, 1966; Dzik, 1975; Slaton & Jorgensen, 1958). Delinquent behavior and visual impairments are, on the other hand, very common in patients with schizophrenia.

Are there any overlapping arguments between the two lines: Visual impairments leading to delinquency; Visual impairments leading to schizophrenia?