I have deposited silver electrode on top of my hole transporting layer in my perovskite solar cell. When viewing from certain angle the metal electrode looks opaque and reflective, but when viewing through the substrate, the silver electrode looks very semi-transparent, is this normal for a typical thin film solar cell?
Dear friend Soo Yew Hang
In a typical perovskite solar cell, the thermally evaporated metal electrode is usually fully opaque rather than semi-transparent. The metal electrode is commonly used as the top electrode in perovskite solar cells to collect current and provide electrical contact.
The opaqueness of the metal electrode is necessary to efficiently collect and transport the generated charge carriers. When light interacts with the metal electrode, it is typically reflected back rather than transmitted through. This is why the metal electrode appears opaque and reflective when viewed from certain angles.
The semi-transparency you observe when viewing through the substrate may be due to several factors, such as the thickness of the metal layer or the presence of any defects or imperfections in the metal film. These factors can affect the optical properties of the metal electrode and result in some degree of light transmission.
It's worth noting that the transparency of the metal electrode is not a desirable characteristic in a typical perovskite solar cell design, as it would hinder the efficient collection of light and subsequent generation of photocurrent.
Dear Kaushik Shandilya I see, I suspect that my hole transporting layer on top of the perovskite film, where silver electrode is being deposited on, is too thin. As a result, some of the silver electrode penetrated into the perovskite layer and reacted with the perovskite, remaining part remained on top of the hole transporting layer are too thin, giving both the semi-transparency and reflective behavior. I suppose that portion of silver that penetrated through the hole transporting layer, if it did not penetrate through the hole transporting layer, will accumulate on top of the layer. With enough accumulation on the hole transporting layer it should give rise to the opaqueness that you are referring to. Thank you very much for confirming that the silver electrode should look opaque for a typical perovskite solar cell.
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