it happens sometimes but its rather impossible that a plant doesn't possess phenolic compounds. Moreover, the solvent in which the extracts is prepared is also important. Many a times reagents used or method used is not appropriate coz there are several interfering components. So, other chromatographic and spectral techniques is very important viz., TLC, HPLC, LC-MS, GC-MS and others.
If you mean the FeCl3 test,- the preliminary color test, it will answer only if you have ortho phenolic groups. Mostly trihydroxy phenols etc.The Phenolic method with FC reagent will take cre of all pphenolic groups.
Please, check the sensitivity of the method used for phytochemical screening or used another procedure. Most often it is advised to use more than one procedure for phytochemical screening of secondary metabolites to testify their presence or absence.