Dear beloved colleague Dr. Olutosin Ademola Otekunrin , Sir

Thank you so much for inviting me to this amazing session but this topic is out of my field so I can not present a scientific comment.!!

Regards, Emad

 Formation of Cooperatives has proved very effective. Procurement of produce from these small holders at minimum support price will further strengthen the production driven incentives at assured price ..

Cooperative marketing can reduce the cost of interaction and increase the income of the small farmers.

farmer producer company associated with organised mandy i.e collection centre in potential area may reduce the transaction cost.

I agree with all previous answers. In addition, this link about this topic is very useful.

https://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/27659

Thanks,this topic is out of my field .

I really appreciate the contributions of our esteemed RG expert on this discussion; 

Drs. Emad Hussein, Anoop Kumar, Muhammed Bushara, Meeri Kumari, Derra Mourad and Isam Issa.

Thank you

Olutosin

High transaction costs deter entry of small farmers into the market. With the data from 240 smallholder cassava farmers in Central Madagascar, this study identified strategies to promote successful smallholder commercialization. The coefficients for membership of cooperatives, native of community and farming experience, have a direct relationship with decision to participate in the market and which is significant at 1% level and road condition to the nearest town is good at 10% level. The coefficients for age, distance to the nearest town and distance from the farm to the market have an indirect relationship with decision to participate in the market and significant at 5, 10 and 1% levels, respectively. The results also show that the coefficients for personal means of transportation and marketing experience have a direct relationship with decision to sell cassava off-farm and at 10 and 1% level of significance, respectively, while distance to the nearest town and distance from the farm to the market had an indirect relationship with decision to sell off-farm at 5% level of significance each and cost of transportation at 1% level. The study raises policy issues which might reduce these transaction costs by providing more market outlets, better rural infrastructure and also bulking centres.

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/23322039.2016.1143597

Thank you Dr. Ali Ghawi, for the insightful scientific exploration of the discussion on key ways to reduce transaction costs to encourage smallholder market participation.

Olutosin

Thank you for the link dear Ali Ghawi

Transaction cost also can be reduced by small farmer to form collaboration or network among themselves, with suppliers and agricultural research institute

transaction cost can be reduced by consolidating marketing functions. if farmers assume the function of wholesaler and make transaction then definitely the cost of marketing will be reduced.another method of reducing marketing cost is to by means of collective marketing of the produce.

Thank you Drs. Meera Kumari and Francis William for your valuable contributions.

Olutosin Otekunrin

Many thanks dear RG experts for your valuable contributions and recommendations on this discussion.

Olutosin

Organizing the farmers into growers group,commodity group,co_operatives/self Help groups,producers company may ensure the paricipation of diversely located small and marginal farmers and their linkage with market through collectivization of their produce could be reduce the transaction cost.

That's very key to the reduction of transaction costs. Thank you so much for these cogent points you've raised dear Dr. Meera Kumari.

Olitosin