My study aims to explain why there are more cases of a given disease in certain areas of a state. For that I'm trying to use the no of occurrences as a dependent variable and land use metrics + economic data as the independent ones. I've tried using linear regression, but it doesn't explain very well. If there is literature about it and there's already a certain method established as standard, please let me know.
In the first instance, you should be trying Poisson regression, with the population count in each area as the exposure variable. Counts are not normally distributed but tend to follow a Poisson or negative binomial distribution.
Consider using a generalized linear model with a Poisson or negative binomial distribution, as your response is a count measure.
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