Several sensitive and #parametric_analyses were used to examine the effect of #uncertainties on stability indicators. In this regard, calibrated random limit equilibrium methods (#RLEM) were employed to determine critical slip surface. Supplementary #optimization_search_techniques, in conjunction with #non_circular_methods, are among the advantages of this investigation to improve the accuracy of determining stability indicators over the previous research.

It was concluded that the GRS walls with #modular_concrete_block facing tend to perform well under seismic loads due to their ability to reduce failure probabilities. Statistical analyses also showed that cross-correlation between cohesion and friction angle, as well as the coefficient of the variation of random variables, significantly affect the probability of failure (Pf). The results indicated that failure probability increased from zero to about 9% because of increasing the coefficient of variation from 5 to 15%, which presents a severe risk to the GRS wall's stability. Furthermore, it was determined that as the negative value of cross-correlation between soil cohesion (c) and soil friction angle (φ) increased, the probability of failure decreased. This study compared the seismic performance of tiered GRS walls using RLEM methods and the random finite-element method (RFEM). In addition, it was shown that #RFEM approach results in a higher factor of safety values than circular and non-circular RLEMs, with a difference of about 6% compared to Sarma’s method.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40891-022-00418-7

Title: Probabilistic Assessment on the Performance of Tiered Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Walls Using RLEM and RFEM

Journal: International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering