I think , you can use carbon fixation via Walki-black method

Thanks for your answer. But, I don't need method. I am writing a manuscript and I want to add in introduction section about microbes in different soil types use different carbon fixation pathways. I am searching literature in Google and can't find out. Do, I am asking a help here. 

Dear Tin , tried to help you , got some literature , don't know , whether they are of  some use . But , you have not highlighted , which course of carbon fixation , you are really looking at . Is it microbial participation , marine fixation , plant conversion ( C3,C4 or CAM) . Anyway , I am enclosing some literature for you .  Please go through the cross references as well.

Tin Mar Lynn

The capacity for a soil to gain soil carbon is related to plant primary Carbon production from the photosynthesis and the capacity of respiration to devour the primary production.  This can be positive or negative leading to enrichment or depletion.

Soil characteristics are known to effect both of the components of soil Carbon the ability to generate plant biomass and the ability to respire it.  Types of climate and vegetation will determine the character of soils generated.

In areas where very little water is available the production of biomass is low and so is the soil organic matter. These desertic soils can be very sandy in their nature.

As the rainfall increases the biomass component increases also. The best world soils are produced under grasslands where the rainfall and evaporation are about equal. Under this condition nutrients are retained and the root systems of grasslands are particuliarly efficient in producing the world's best soils.

Soils produced under that condition are called Mollisols which in Latin refer to soft nature imparted by the abundant organic matter. Forest soils Alfisols are less deep and fertile than the Mollisols. Root systems under forests are not as rich compared to prairies and forests are found in more humid conditions leading to acidity and depletion.

The ability to capture organic matter is the soil is related to Calcium and Clay content. The organic component when reacted with clay and calcium leads to a fixed and more stable organic matter than persists.

To optimize soils for organic matter really matters as it can reverse the trend for Global climate change by investing Carbon and Nitrogen resources in the air and converting them beneficially into the soil.

As a starter on these important consideration read treatment of Frank Stevenson, Hans Jenny and William Albrecht for their valuable insights.

Dear Tin

Dear Tin

Dear Anoop Kumar Srivastava and Aghil Moradmand Jalali,

Thank you so much for your kind help. For 2 papers from Aghil, I have already had them.

For 2 papers of Anoop, this information is useful for me though this is not directly related to what I have asked. Sorry, my question is unclear.

Best Regards

lynn

Dear Paul Reed Hepperl,

Thank you so much for your answer, Sir. I got so many knowledge from it. Noted with thanks. 

with best regards

lynn

Dear Tin,

several aspects can determine soil C sequestration capacity.

1) biomass amount and quality.  more biomass returned to soil via litter and root will favor C sequestration. Moreover, biomass are more fractable will favor its accumulation in soil as SOM.

2)soil properties. Different soil with different soil minerals can differently store C. Fe2O3 recently has got great attention for its proection for OM decomposition. The most important way is soil aggregates. The aggreaging processes is a process for storage C into soil particles. and some minerals may also contribute to SOC seuqestration.

3)soil microbial regulation. Recently soil fungi-network's importance has get more and more attention. you can check the result from this referenes.Ecology Letters, (2009) 12: 452–461. A nature papaer also is interest "Mycorrhiza-mediated competition between plants and decomposers drives soil carbon storage".

In your cases, checking these 3 aspect may be useful for your finding your answer.

attached file is some publications related soil fungi contribution to SOC sequestration in soil.

wish your success!

Dear Wang,

Thanks for your long and complete answer. I really appreciate it. And also, I am so grateful for your papers too. But, I would like to get papers about changes of the use of carbon fixation pathways by bacteria in different soil types. I am studying genes responsible for different carbon fixation patterns in 3 different soil types. So, I would like to add some reference that says bacteria in different soils use different carbon fixation pathways. So, I need some of them and I cannot find them by myself, and I am asking a help here.

with best regards

lynn

Tin Mar Lynn

In relation to pathways for Carbon fixation Consider the Mucuna deeringianum Velvet bean plant. When injured the l dopa amino acid precursor metabolizes to red dopachrome then a polyermization occurs giving black Melanin.

Among the theories on the nature and origin of soil organic matter is that microbes degrade the aliphatic Carbons leaving the resistant aromatics that polymerize into fulvic and humic acids and humus increasing resistance for similar core units in different degree of polymerization. Color starts pale yellow to tan brown than ultimately jet black.

The velvet bean is quite amazing at rapid build up soil organic matter and has amazing biological Nitrogen fixation capacity. It may be related to resistance of its products. In addition soil microbiologists point to melanin as a resistance component. The ability of building soil organic matter or humus may be more about how long the Carbon remains than how much is initially produced. For this reason resistant carbon compounds with aromatic skeletons such as melanin and lignin are of much interest in the idea of maximizing Carbon accrual.

Try finding a velvet bean plant and wounding it in real time you will appreciate the power of this reaction.

If it touches your skin you will be marked and it will not come out. Is this akin to sticking of blackness in soil?  Something to think about at the very least.

Good luck in your pursuit of truth.

Out of my direct field, but SOM contains elements other than C so buildup must inevitably involve inputs of these elements, which include P, S and less abundant constituents.

Tin , please find enclosed one interesting PDF for your reference .

Dear all,

Bundles of thanks for all of your kind replies. But, all of your answer do not match with my requirement. I am really sorry for this. Here, I got a paper for carbon fixation pathways in wetland and forest soils though I still need more papers for grassland. I would like to show that paper I got to all of you. Anyway, thank you so much and I really appreciate for all of your kind help.

with best of regards

lynn

Tin

Jones, M, and D. Alison, 2004. Carbon sequestration in temperate grassland....New Phytologist 164(3):423-434

Wan, S. et al. 2009. Photosynthesis enhances grassland carbon sequestration. Ecololy 90(10):2700-2710.

Tilman, et al. 2006. Carbon negative biofuels from low input grassland. Scien 314(8):1598-1600.

Here is some grassland references to get you started.

Good Luck

In your effort to optimize Carbon sequestration realize that Nitrogen can be limiting in the production of optimized soil organic matter as well as Phosphorus and trace minerals. The use BNF through the legume component would ideally be complemented with mycorrhizal assoication and use of use root bacterization by phosphorus solubilization bacteria. All these systems are dependent on trace minerals which is why the recycling of manures through compost is so important at looking at systematic changes in our food and fiber systems.