You are combining 'LIDAR' and 'image processing'. Thus you may want to look for some TOF (Time-Of-Flight) sensor. These are basically integrated circuits.
One implementation would be the MS Kinect (eg. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinect). Though surely not the smallest implementation of all, it may give you a starting point.
Another system available is the following: https://www.vitronic.com/traffic-technology/applications/traffic-enforcement/speed-enforcement/poliscan-speed-mobile.html. Looking at the image you'll have to subtract the red flash and a camera to get an impression of the size. What I did not check is whether this system operates with a laser or with TOF sensors as well.