Actually in a society with a colonial past such as Bolivia, even those social sectors that not define themselves as indigenous within the coutry take some elements of indigenous culture as diacritics (Barth, 1979) to represent themselves as bolivians when are out of the country. Other factors of identity are the food, the typical dances and music. Very sensory perceptible aspects of culture.

Read Harari, SAPIENS, 2015. It is complicated :)

In our sociocultural context, our identity depends upon what we do, how we do, what our ancestors did and how they did. We are still evaluated based on our past. But I think, my identity is what I am.

Safi--- close

-I-

Conceptually "per se" Identity is the "Circumstance of being a person or thing in particular and not another, determined by a set of traits or characteristics that differentiate it from others": "identity crisis"; or the "Set of traits or characteristics of a person or thing that allow it to be distinguished from others in a set": "it will never reveal its true identity"

Thus, identity is the result that arises as a response to the unique needs of each society, of each social group, these responses are weaving the social actors that will structure an individual and collective way of life; then identity is a set of traits that characterize a group

Neal Hurwitz It is complicated indeed. Whilst it is not universal, I wanted to see how different cultures approach the concept of 'identity'.

Thank you very much for the suggestion, will definitely read the book, especially when it was gifted to me a year ago. Never came around to read it though. But certainly will now.

Kind Regards,

Alexandra.

Safi Ullah Thank you so much for sharing this information. I certainly appreciate your time and support in contributing to this ongoing discussion related to the concept of identity.

Kind Regards,

Alexandra.

Francisco Javier Gala Thank you very much Professor for your insightful feedback. I really appreciate it and do agree with you that identity is not something that is fixed, rather it is a response within a certain society/group and so on.

Thank you very much indeed,

Kind Regards,

Alexandra.

Carlos Revilla Thank you very much for your reply. I definitely appreciate your time and the information shared in this thread of an ongoing discussion. I got also interested in Barth's publication. Will certainly look it up as I am not familiar with the work.

Thank you so much indeed,

Kind Regards,

Alexandra.

-II-

But, from an anthropological point of view - more heuristic and interesting for the thread of this question - the important thing is to look for the roots, the "authenticity" and the dynamics of the identity that seems to be "essence" at the beginning, as a immanent condition of the individual; Thus, it will form consciousness and at the same time will build on different bases acting simultaneously on the structures, social and cultural patterns of societies; identity is thus the phenomenon that is present in the way in which the members of a group define themselves and are defined by the others. These definitions and specific circumstances are constituted according to needs and strategic survival interests (alliance, affinities, kinship relationships ...) typical of each culture, they are invented and recreated through multiple resources, determined by the relationship between the "we" (inclusive / the "other" exclusive) with the "others". The human being is the product of multiple social relationships, therefore, identity is learned and transmitted in different temporalities and spaces, determined by a unity and the interaction of norms and symbols (according to their objective and subjective reality). That is, it requires constant maintenance because exogenous and endogenous factors intervene; identity is the unity between man and culture; it is a concept or category that reflects the unity between man and his culture, between man and nature, then it has essential components that characterize as integrity. In the interaction of its components there are spaces, authenticity, movement, levels and neutral components that do not determine the quality of the identity unit. Within these considerations, the identity of an individual is modulated by culture and society in its multiple facets and from which the symbols that identify them are extracted from the natural, social and cosmic environment that surrounds them; where the cultural roots are social markers, because the origins and living elements play determining roles; identity manifests a common and concrete relationship; regardless of racial (or biological) aspects it is an authentic-looking consciousness; the messages of that unit are modulated by subjectivity, with an imperishable depth that surpasses any conventional writing since this is essential in the community, they shape and nourish that soul or spirit that is the subjective identity

-III-

Thus, identity is a construction process in which individuals differentiate themselves in close symbolic relationship with other people. This formation obeys an ideological and cultural construction, allowing to direct the horizon in its different aspirations and interests against the "other" within its legitimation and recognition.

Identity is being recognized and recognized for their own qualities, being well with others, it has a lot to do between "I" and "us", this relationship assumes a dynamic of unity; If we speak of collective identity, that is, of (us), we could not leave individual identity (I) isolated, these facts have a root in the socialization process; Since it obeys the social, cultural and ideological construction, in this construction the historical past and intersubjective relationships intervene, in the configuration language participates as a means of socialization, under some integrating elements such as social organizations, community, religion, then the Identity has a subjective structure and, therefore, is the product of the network of social and ideological relationships.

Francisco Javier Gala It is a very valuable contribution and expresses precisely all the elements of identity, including the concept of chronotopes (Bakhtin, 1981).

I am extremely delighted to have read your reply and would like to ask you if I could possibly cite it in my work.

I do certainly agree with your argument and was wondering how I could possibly cite it? Would it look like Fransisco Javier Gala (2021)? Or Javier Gala (2021)? Which one is the correct one?

Thank you so much,

Kind Regards,

Alexandra.

-and IV-

Bibliographic references

BOAS, Franz,1964 Fundamental questions of cultural anthropology. Editorial Solar / Hachette. Buenos Aires.

BOLZMAN, Claudio,1996 The Concept of Identity. Theoretical reflections from the study of the Problem of Exile. In: III Colloquium Paul Kirchhoff, publishing house National Autonomous University of Mexico.

CARRASCO CAVERO, Ranulfo,1993 Collective Imaginary and Identity in the Andes, Editorial and Impressions San Cristóbal de Huamanga National University - Peru.

DICTIONARY OF ANTHROPOLOGY,1980 Editorial Bellaterra S. A., Barcelona - Spain.

WRITE TINEO, Percy E.,2007 (a) What is identity and how is it constructed in such a complex society? In Anthropological Bulletin Ñan Ruway Nº 1, Ayacucho-Peru.

2007 (b) Memory and identity in Inkaraqay, Presentation at the XIV National Congress of Anthropology Students. From September 10 to 15, Trujillo - Peru.

GIMÉNEZ, Gilberto,1996 Social identity or the return of the subject in sociology. In: III Paul Kirchhoff colloquium, publishing house National Autonomous University of Mexico.

2005 Conference on culture, identity and multiculturalism. México (reproduced in: www.alfriend.com.mx/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13&Itemid=9)

HIRAOKA, Josse

1996 The identity and its dimensional context, In: III colloquium Paul Kirchhoff, editorial Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

JAMESON, Frederic

1998 On Cultural Studies, Editorial Paidos, Buenos Aires. Argentina.

FUENZALIDA VOLLMAR, Fernando

s / n Cultural identity and integration of the Peruvian people, (electronic version: www.ferfuvol.tripod.com)

FERRÚA CARRASCO, Freddy A.

2003 Identity, tradition and ideology in the Andean culture, In: Investigaciones - UNSCH, year 11, Volume 11, Ayacucho - Peru.

KLUCKHOHN, Clyde

1957 Anthropology, Third Edition, Editorial Fundo Cultural Economico, Buenos Aires - Argentina.

LARRAIN, Jorge

2003 The concept of identity. In: Magazine. Famecos, Nº 21, Brazil.

LOAYZA HUAMÁN, Severo

2007 Question of identity between llama and alpaca herders in the high Andean communities of Vinchos, in Electronic Magazine Volveré, Year IV Nº 25.

MUJICA BERMÚDEZ, Luís

2007 Towards the formation of identities, in: Educating an intercultural citizen. Juan Ansión and others. (edit.), PUCP Editorial Fund, Lima - Peru. P. 11 - 36.

TORRES RODRIGUEZ, Oswaldo

1989 Identity: A Problem of the Peruvian Man? In: Scientific Proceedings and Memories, Vol. II Edition IRINEA, Huancayo - Peru.

Francisco Javier Gala Great, will check these out for sure, I am so thankful for your replies and presenting your stance on the issue with a clarity and persuasive argumentation.

Thank you so much,

Best wishes,

Alexandra.

I am because I am. The rest is artifact. You can make up what you wish.

Dear and respected Dra. Shaitan Alexandra, I am usually cited as: Gala FJ, or Gala León FJ; thanks so much

Radosław Walkowiak Thank you very much for your reply. I really appreciate your contribution and would definitely draw on this knowledge to include in my publication.

Kind Regards,

Alexandra.

IDENTITY is described (not prescribed as) by the ways an individual, or a country's people, narrates (or is narrated) his way of eating, sleeping, working, making love and/or dreaming and getting inspiration for art & Poetry. Actually, IDENTITY IS HIS CULTURAL APPROACH TO LIFE AND COMMUNITY.

Identity defined by the qualities, beliefs, personality, looks and expectations from the person or a group. Some can consider the alert and the individualisation in different perspective . either way wrong, wright or very disturbing depends. These acts from identity relate to psychology. Self image, self-esteem and individuality confirm and complete. We are so different. Sociocultural brings different attitudes in various people in the here and now. Then attitudes can steered by the cultural identity? for argument sake. I personally say yes to the question, simply because its not easy to intervene into someone else culture or belief.

Sociocultural context interchangeable leads to dispute, it can be legal dispute on one hand it can be any dispute on other hand because of culture change and new generation nowadays.

Leary, M. R,; Tangney, J. P (2003) Handbook of selfard identity. New York: Guilford Press. ISBN 1-57230-798-6

Shaitan Alexandra

Mayibongwe Zikode Thank you very much for sharing your views and express your thoughts to this discussion. I really appreciate your time and support.

As you stated, identity is negotiated and projected differently via socio/spatial temporal deixis. Narrating identity vs. narrated identity occurs in the here-and-now depending on metamorphosis one has undergone throughout his/her life.

Kind Regards,

Alexandra Shaitan.

"...categorical ethnic distinctions do not depend on an absence of mobility, contact and information, but do entail social processes of exclusion and incorporation whereby discrete categories are maintained despite changing participation and membership in the course of individual life histories"... (Barth, 1969).

Barth, Fredrik : "Ethnic groups and its boundaries".

https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Joukowsky_Institute/courses/ethnicidentity12/files/19389643.pdf

This is a question that is often put to me, as a South Asian-looking man, and a British National living in Hong Kong. The answer seems to perplex most people. I define myself culturally as Kenyan Briton of Luso-Asian origin. My explanation is based not on race, which would according to my DNA define me firmly as South Asian, but on my birth-place and early life (Kenya) my family's origin (Goa) and my British education and passport. That my identity is constructed is of no doubt, but the choices of label (boxes) is a reaction to global stereotypes. I see both Kenya and the UK as multicultural spaces where family and community have and continue to reside specifically as English-speaking Catholic "Goans". Despite its diversity, I do not share language, creed, colonial history, diet or name with the majority of Indians. In fact in my social life in Hong Kong I have more in common with Filipino's, and Macanese, followed by the multiracial Kenyan community here. The notion of "expat" is very loaded in this recently post-colonial space, and since I am a person of colour unless I am introduced, Britons tend not to see me - I become part of the Asian majority.

I am Homo Sapien. The rest is all made-up stuff, for everyone.

Identity refers to the ideals an individual may see reflected within themselves. these are a reflection of socio-cultural reality since identity is socially conditioned and based on broader norms of a social construct. This is to say that identity must conform to the society one is born in if not, then the individual or group may be seen as an agency of change.

Clifford Pereira Thank you so much indeed, your experience is fascinating and throughout my research on mixed-race identity, I have come across individuals who also report similar lived experiences.

I appreciate your time in posting your comment on this discussion platform. Will certainly consider all points raised in your comment.

Kind Regards,

Alexandra Shaitan.

Aparna Joshi Absolutely agree with your precisely expressed opinion.

Thank you very much for your contribution to this discussion.

Kind Regards,

Alexandra Shaitan.

Carlos Revilla Dear Professor Revilla, thank you so much for sharing the PDF file with me. I will certainly read it and further my knowledge on the issue of ethnicity and how it is viewed by researchers in the 20th century.

Thank you so much for sharing your views,

Kind Regards,

Alexandra Shaitan.

The philosophically serious answer to this question is to be found in Adorno’s Negative Dialektik. (‘Serious’ also means that one is prepared to accept that these things have a long history - weren’t discovered yesterday or Monday last week.)

1. ‘Identity’ in the sense of the tertium non datur. (The basis for all knowledge in the natural sciences and in technology.) This is what you learn when you study logic or computer programming.

2. ‘Identity’ in the sense of psychology. We are especially formed by our early experiences, family, school, education, language/culture. ‘Identity’ at this level presupposes that someone is able to tell their ‘story’ or their ‘narrative’, without obviously compulsive or neurotic elements sticking out all over the place.

3. ‘Identity’ in the sense of Hegel: that looking back on the collective history of this species on this planet, there is somewhere something in the way of a collective learning process, so that at some level at least it is possible for historians and philosophers to say: the objective world is improving, it is beginning to resemble - in some respects at least - what we all want subjectively.

Frederik van Gelder Sure thing, identity should be viewed through multiple lenses indeed. I am currently interested in Discursive Psychology approach to identity and Social Constructionism which both make a valuable contribution to the on-going debate among the essentialists and constructivists.

Thank you for your constructive feedback,

Alexandra Shaitan.

Critique of social constructionism here: Preprint Notes on Alfred Lorenzer's "Excursus on Symbol and Cliché"

Identity includes the many relationships people cultivate, such as their identity as a child, friend, partner, and parent. It involves external characteristics over which a person has little or no control, such as height, race, or socioeconomic class. Identity also encompasses political opinions, moral attitudes, and religious beliefs, all of which guide the choices one makes on a daily basis.

People who are overly concerned with the impression they make, or who feel a core aspect of themselves, such as gender or sexuality, is not being expressed, can struggle acutely with their identity. Reflecting on the discrepancy between who one is and who one wants to be can be a powerful catalyst for change.

Source: Psychology Today.

Hi Dr Shaitan Alexandra . I think it is belonging to a particular community and representing this community culturally, behaviorally and nationally. This entails defending this community by all legitimate means.

For me it (identity) is like ' a personality'. Societal identity is commonality of the same or similar groups in the society (community). The culture of some group of peoples may be considered as their identity.

I hope (useful) social identities need be grown smartly to build the global world ( uniquely identified one world).

It is my opinion that the question of identity definition is achieved through a variety of different approaches. The initial approach being that of responses from primary care providers and significant people in the life of the individual from it's earliest days. Primary and secondary socialisation reinforces this and, in the case of secondary allows the individual to adapt and adjust the awareness of themselves as they begin to develop and expand their horizons outside the home environment. However there is definitely a good argument for the approach of the Symbolic Interactionists, which is that as social animals, we are capable of presenting our perception of the most acceptable version of ourselves depending on the situation we find ourselves in. I am of the opinion that identity is not something that we can define in the strictest sense of the word, but knowing the SELF as individuals makes us feel more confident, thereof able to adapt to life situations. Add to this external stressors in sociological contexts and I believe this reinforces the need to understand our SELF, as opposed to defining identity, which, as previously stated, shifts in response to situation, place and influence.

Joanne Donald Thank you very much for your contribution to this discussion. I certainly agree with you that an awareness of SELF is a crucial factor in how we see ourselves in relation to others, i.e., us vs. them. As you expressed adapting SELF /crossing (Rampton, 1995) enables individuals to shift gears in claiming belonging to different groups.

Frederik van Gelder Thank you very much for sharing the file. Will certainly read it over the weekend and share my views on the argument.

As always, really appreciate your contribution to this discussion.

Kind Regards,

Alexandra Shaitan.

Tekle Gemechu Thank you so much for sharing your thoughts on the posed question. I really appreciate your time and support.

Kind Regards,

Alexandra Shaitan.

Driss Benattabou

Kind Regards,

Alexandra Shaitan.

Identify comes from ones social, political, economic or cultural characteristics that defines a person in society

It is a combination of cognitive and motivation components, and social identity appears through relationships with the group and interaction with them

Wasan Sameen Mohammed Amin It is true that social identity is a result of belonging to a certain group in a society, therefore juxtaposing us vs. them in a given culture.

Thank you for sharing your opinion,

Kind Regards,

Alexandra Shaitan.

One matter that is important: this idea of self-identity is very new in history--- see Yuval Noah Harari's Sapiens! 2015.

Sociologists and social-psychologists typically think about three aspects

of identity: (i) social or objective identity, referring to a person’s belonging

to various social groups, and the distinguishing socially relevant features

of such belongings, for example like gender, social class or ethnicity; (ii)

self or subjective identity, referring to the unique combination of one’s personal

features, traits and preferences; and (iii) ego identity, referring to the

feeling one has of knowing who they are and how they ‘fit in’, giving the

person a sense of stability and continuity that helps to sustain their outlooks and actions. (Woodward, I. (2007). Understanding material culture. Sage.)

Shahrzad Amiri Farsani Thank you very much for elaborating on the posed question related to identity definition. How do researchers view/define identity in YOUR culture? I am truly interested in this one.

Kind Regards,

Shaitan Alexandra.

It seems to me that there are actually two differing answers to this query. If one refers to identity as how one is seen by others, that depends on an individual's characteristic and behavioral elements manifested in a particular socio-cultural milleu that gives them meaning.

If instead, one refers to the self-concept developed and internalized by an individual, then I side with George Herbert Mead that identity is not developed in a vacuum, but through interaction with others and how they view and treat us.

There are, of course, exceptions to both of these that range from the seriously mentally ill, to malevolent narcissists, some of whom can nonetheless become quite prominent in business and even politics.

I am no social scientist and not even a student of sociology etc. But I still have a view regrading identity. Lets suppose the whole world becomes a single state everyone an equal citizen of this only state/ everyone equal there is no other nationality, caste or creed then will we still need an identity. My answers is, off course, everyone will need it even more in a single world state than in a multi state world of different cultures and societies. So it flows from the very fact that identity is something basic to human psyche. we need to know each other we want to be different form each other so that we can identify each other. and it is here that languages, cultures , nationalities, countries, social groups etc., comes into picture which help us in identifying ourselves in this world.

People form their identities in relation to their linguistically recognized social positions and other roles in their ordinary living circumstances. ... As a higher-order psychological function, identity is formed in sociocultural practices.

Your personal identity is a composite of all your personality traits, beliefs, values, physical attributes, abilities, aspirations, and other identifiers that make you who you are. It is larger and more encompassing than your self-identity. Your self-identity is just your perspective of your personal identity.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_(social_science)

http://newprairiepress.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1138&context=aerc

Faraed Salman Thank you very much for your insightful comments as well as sending me the article. I will peruse it and share my thoughts on it.

Kind Regards,

Alexandra.

Dear Shaitan Alexandra, I am I. Whether you believe it or not. :)

Leonardo Cannizzaro I certainly think so. You are who you are. An individual. Totally believe you.

Muhammad Tariq It is indeed a rather thought-provoking reply. Yes, I certainly agree with you: even proper names are deployed in other to identify/differentiate people throughout the world. All factors mentioned by you in your reply are part and parcel of identity, be it a social identity, ethnic/racial identity/mixed-race identity and so on.

Identity is the qualities, beliefs, personality, looks and/or expressions that make a person (self-identity as emphasized in psychology) or group (collective identity as pre-eminent in sociology). ... One can regard the awareness and the categorizing of identity as positive or as destructive.

A sociocultural approach to identity formation considers these poles of sociocultural processes and individual functioning as interacting moments in human action, rather than as static processes that exist in isolation from one another.

The social environment, social context, sociocultural context or milieu refers to the immediate physical and social setting in which people live or in which something happens or develops. It includes the culture that the individual was educated or lives in, and the people and institutions with whom they interact.

A socio-cultural perspective on learning means that one takes a process perspective on human learning. In this sense, the concept of the interaction trajectory is important because it provides for the possibility of exploring how students orient themselves in situations over time.

Faraed Salman Thank you very much for elaborating on the issue discussed on this platform. Post-modernist approach to identity is in stark contrast to the essentialist view of identity formation/projection. Sociocultural approach to identity views identity-in-interaction. i.e., how individuals co-construct their own and others' identity in interaction. One essential component is spatio-temporal component of an identity formation/metamorphosis (Bakhtin, 1981) (social identity, ethnic/racial identity, etc.). Viewing identity via the concept of chronotopes would elicit more nuanced details as to how it is projected in interaction with others.

Dear Shaitan Alexandra, "I am I" does not mean that I am just "an individual". "I am I" certainly means that I am an individual. But I am an individual who is part of the great world "family" made up of all the other living beings (human and non-human; all the flora and fauna) who live in the terrestrial environment in the perspective of "deep ecology" formulated by Arne Næss in 1973. See the discussions I proposed at the following links:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Can_Deep_Ecology_be_considered_a_philosophical_basis_for_environmental_conservationism

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Do_the_bees_work_for_the_beehive_or_for_the_queen_Do_the_ants_work_for_the_ant_hill_or_for_the_queen

Leonardo Cannizzaro The concept of ecology looks fascinating. I totally understand your stance on viewing identity as being a part of the whole.

I would also suggest to look at other perspective, a discursive view of identity projection cum co-construction.

Chapter Critical Discourse Analysis and Identity

Driss Benattabou

Kind Regards,

Alexandra.

Phenotype, language, tradition, culture, national affiliation, are some of the elements that man has as part of personal identity.

Hairi Ismaili Sure thing, the elements you have mentioned might constitute national and or ethnic/racial affiliation and identity.

Thank you very much for your reply,

Kind Regards,

Alexandra.

Thank you

Simply, the identity is the unique character or nature of a person.

Md. Abdur Razzak Choudhury Sure thing, individual differences you have mentioned in your reply should be taken into consideration when one attempts to scrutinize personal identity.

WHAT IS IDENTITY (AS WE NOW USE THE WORD)?

https://web.stanford.edu/group/fearon-research/cgi-bin/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/What-is-Identity-as-we-now-use-the-word-.pdf

Chuck A Arize Thank you so much indeed for sharing this treasure trove. I can not thank you enough, will certainly peruse it and incorporate it in my research.

Kind Regards,

Alexandra.

Identity is part of one's personality. People can define somebody's identity by the way they carry themselves.

Salma Haque Thank you very much for your input.

The pleasure is mine@ Shaitan Alexandra.

Identity is what uniquely represents a given entity

Cultural identity is a part of a person's identity, or their self-conception and self-perception, and is related to nationality, ethnicity, religion, social class, generation, locality or any kind of social group that has its own distinct culture Shaitan Alexandra

Dear Dr. Shaitan Alexandra

If I want to see how "identity" is defined today in the "sociocultural context" in which I live, I find the explanation through "group identity" and the social influence that this type of identity entails, which comes from of the interdependence that we have in the new system created and generated with the social networks involved in this new generated identity model. Since the beginning of Covid-19, "new persuasion approaches have been generated in view of a group influence", all of which affects almost without realizing the own personal identity. We need to make a stop along the way "reflect" and "reevaluate" some of these approaches to prevent them from taking over our true identity "through:

1.- power of the "explanation of group identity"

2.- of group norms

3.- of group identification,

because we observe that their influence often touches our concept of "precautionary norms" and their relationship with our own "moral convictions".

I greatly appreciate the accurate and timely observations of Dear Dr. Francisco Javier Gala

Cfr.

Article Social Influence and Group Identity

Juana Maria Arcelus-Ulibarrena Dear Professor Arcelus-Ulibarrena, thank you very much for providing your input on the issue raised on this discussion platform. I absolutely agree on all the salient factors you have mentioned pertaining to social identity being anchored to the group self-other-ascribed identity.

Kind Regards,

Alexandra.

Identity is our life so to say a knowledgeable personality .It becomes our existence & this helps to qualify for us a worthy human being .This keep us to remain with us in our social standing & with our natural quality & the development of our mind which keep us to have our life worthy , which may create us a life of social standing .

This is my personal opinion

I am extremely grateful for your appreciation, Dear Dr. Shaitan Alexandra

Identity is how you grew up, your culture, your surroundings, your references and the people and things that you know and met, your history.

Dear Dr Shaitan Alexandra,

Identity could be defined as the general sense of self with reference to groups or particular content and the concept you develop about yourself that evolves over the course of your life dependently of social nature.

Best regards,

Pr Hambaba

Identity involves what defines the individual, personality-features and distinguishing traits. It emphasizes the oneness. However, an intrinsic part of the identity is equally the wholeness, the social milieu in which that individual interacts and is consequently developed and shaped.

Perhaps it is interesting, in this context, what national identity means, because this is one of the most relevant forms of identity for many people. In this regard, I would like to draw attention to the definition of John Keane, who defined national identity in ideal-typical terms, as follows: ”a particular form of collective identity in which, despite their routine lack or physical contact, people consider themselves bound together because they speak a language or a dialect of a common language; inhabitor are closely familiar with a defined territory, and experience its ecosystem with some affection; and because they share a variety of customs, including a measure of memories of the historical past, which is consequently experienced in the present tense as pride in the nation’s achievements and, where necessary, an obligation to feel ashamed of the nation’s failings” (Keane, John: Nations, Nationalism and European Citizens. In Periwal, Sukumar (Ed.): Notions of Nationalism. Budapest, London, New York: Central European UP, 1995, pp.182-207, the quote above: on the page186).

Dear all, identity is those features in a person who wants others to consider and respect them as the definition of his/her personality. They may be ritual and parental heritage, as well as acquiert. My Regards

The definition of identity is who you are, the way you think about yourself, the way you are viewed by the world and the characteristics that define you. An example of identity includes person's name, his parents names, and the like.

https://www.yourdictionary.com/identity

Social identity is described as a sense of attachment to a group that one is a member of, and by comparison to others. ... Cultural identity is defined as the identity of a group or culture or of an individual as far as one is influenced by one's belonging to a group or culture.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_identity_theory

In India, social identity in general relates to a caste to which one belongs, whereas the cultural identity reflects one's religion.

PS: The description of socio-cultural identity in India is based on my personal observation and experience.

identity: (i) social or objective identity, referring to a person's belonging. to various social groups, and the distinguishing socially relevant features. of such belongings, for example like gender, social class or ethnicity; (ii) self or subjective identity, referring to the unique combination of one's persona

Hasan Abu-Krooz Thank you very much to your contribution to the ongoing discussion of identity. How is it viewed in your culture?

Simona Rodat Thank you very much for your contribution to the ongoing discussion related to the concept of identity. I really appreciate your time and expressed view pertaining to national identity.

Kind Regards,

Alexandra Shaitan.

In Arabic culture can e socio-linguistically viewed in two major tendencies: Religion and Arabic nationality

Indeed, Dear Dr. Francisco Javier Gala , "per se" Identity arises necessarily as a response to the "group needs" that are woven by social actors who manage to structure their individual and collective way of life, surrounding themselves with a set of features that can characterize a group.

The question of identity deals with a vital element today. Female and male identities come under attack. In the West, the mere fact of having a religion seems to force a person to apologize all the time, due to the pressure of "politically correct".

Dear Dr. Shaitan Alexandra

The fundamental "group needs" are presented as truly necessary in these difficult times.....if we really want to save our identity.

Juana Maria Arcelus-Ulibarrena Dear Professor Arcelus-Ulibarrena, thank you so much for your thought-provoking input. I absolutely agree with you that it is high time we reflected and re-evaluated approaches to interpreting a conceptual framework of discerning identity, in particular, when it comes to sociocultural milieu one finds him/herself immersed into.

Panagiotis G. Krimpas Greetings Professor Krimpas, thank you very much for contributing to the discussion and sharing your thoughts on the concept of identity in the context of Greece. It is rather informative as one can not get an access to such an overview in any academic articles/forums, etc. I will certainly consider the issues you have brought to my attention when researching identity viewed from a holistic perspective.

Thank you very much indeed,

Kind Regards,

Alexandra.

Roberto - Minadeo Thank you very much Professor Minadeo, I really appreciate your contribution to this ongoing discussion. You are absolutely right that gender identity has certainly turned into a hotly-debated, scrutinized under numerous lenses, controversial issue. Whilst there is no end to a myriad of opinions on this one, we should consider biology as a factual evidence.

Kind Regards,

Alexandra.

Shaitan Alexandra

Thanks for your observation.

I greatly appreciate your comments regarding my intervention in this Question. Dear Dr. Shaitan Alexandra