An early review of the link between malaria and SES found mixed results and criticized the low quality of much research in that area: 

Worrall, E., Basu, S. and Hanson, K., 2005. Is malaria a disease of poverty? A review of the literature. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 10(10), pp.1047-1059.

A more recent meta-analysis explicitly recommends socioeconomic development as a reliably effective intervention against malaria: 

Tusting, L.S., Willey, B., Lucas, H., Thompson, J., Kafy, H.T., Smith, R. and Lindsay, S.W., 2013. Socioeconomic development as an intervention against malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet, 382(9896), pp.963-972.

Article Socioeconomic development as an intervention against malaria...

Dear Dr. Omoniyi,

It is only an opinion, but I personally believe that your question is the "million-dollar question" in the field of fight against malaria. The full WHO team is also wondered the same question. ¿How can we deal with prevention and control of malaria in a scarce resources context to do?

The relationship between poverty and malaria epidemiology can be proven through observational studies but taking a look at the world map too. However, is difficult for us to distinguish between a "confounding factor" and a "risk factor" in our era. There are political-philosophical related reasons for this but I am a very old-fashioned guy and I think there is enough knowledge from the world health literature and about the World Health (in general) to conclude that poverty is a risk factor for most diseases. That is why interventions ensuring and increasing socio-economic level are health interventions too.

While a solution is found, I think a health policy with anti-malaria programmes including free distribution of resources (if necessary) and encouraging the use of personal and indoor measures of protection can be useful (remember, I am far from be an expert). There is much literature about this subject but I believe this book is a good one: Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries. It is an open-access book in the URL  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11728/ and malaria control is widely covered in this text.

With best wishes.

Historically, it has been quite possible. Both the American South and Sardinia had epidemic malaria and were quite poor, and both were transformed into malaria free regions.  There are numerous articles on the Sardinia malaria campaign, which was funded by the Rockefeller Foundation.

Malaria can be controlled in low-resource countries through the use of protective measures against the vector (LLIN, screened windows and doors, personal protective wears etc). Early diagnosis, prompt and adequate treatment are also key; Low cost but highly sensitive and specific diagnostic methods should be devised for confirmation of diagnosis (?RDT vs Microscopy). Effective anti-malaria therapeutic agents must be used at all times when necessary (ACT vs newer drugs against background of possible drug resistance). Special attention should be paid to vulnerable population groups such as pregnant women, children < 5years, immune compromised groups etc by providing them with malaria chemo-prophylaxis (SP in Pregnancy?). Environmental control to discourage breeding of the vector (female anopheles mosquito) is deliberately left till this time because it is capital intensive. Environmental control is Not cost effective in resource poor countries. Considering the entomological characteristics of the vector against the background of enabling climatic conditions in most resource poor countries, it is impossible to achieve malaria control through environmental measures. Anyways, communities could still be counseled to reduce mosquito breeding sites by keeping their environment clean. These measures are not in any way exhaustive. I hope its helpful.

Malaria and SES  are very related as many colleagues already stated. Governments need to invest in infrastructure to modify environmental risks in the surrounding areas around towns and cities, modify through education and investment the quality of housing in poor areas emphasizing  protection of the human dwellings (doors, windows, walls and roofs). However research need to be encouraged to identify and reduce asymptomatic malaria, give treatment . International cooperation is required to lift the level of capacity in low socioeconomic countries to deal with malaria

Hello Friends all are right

My opinion and experience

1.- Early diagnosis and training microscopists in identifying the Parasite

2. Treatment symptomatic and asymptomatic patient very fast. For avoid spread of the disease (Man is the reservoir)

3. Prevention: Fumigation (Accord Local Entomological sensitivity), clean environment, use of Abate 2% or Bacillus turingensis in water reservoirs. Use of diesel in the pools of sewage if you can not access the Abate or Bt svi. Educate the population, to recognize the signs and symptoms of the disease. Improve the living conditions of population. The team working on malaria control must know all the bibliographic reference mentioned earlier by researchers friends. 

Hola Amigos todos tiene razón

Mi opinión y experiencia

1.-Diagnostico temprano y capacitación a los microscopistas en la identificación del      Parásito

2.- Tratamiento al paciente sintomático y asintomático lo mas pronto.Para evitar diseminación de la enfermedad (El hombre es el reservorio)

3.- Prevención: Fumigación (según sensibilidad Entomologica local), Ambiente limpio, Uso de Abate 2% o Bacilus turingensis en reservorios de agua. Uso de diésel en las pozas de aguas negras si no se puede acceder al abate o al Bt svi. Educar a la Población. en reconocer los signos y síntomas de la enfermedad.Mejorar las condiciones de vida de la población. El equipo que trabaja en el control de malaria debe conocer toda la referencia bibliográfica mencionada antes por los amigos investigadores. Éxitos .

Hello all .Those infected with malaria should be diagnosd  and treated free of charge. They should also be given free insecticide treated mosquito nets.

If we look at the case-study of Sri Lanka, after malaria cases increased in 1970s and 80s, the country re-aligned its strategy to intensively target the parasite in addition to targeting the mosquito since 1990s. Though unorthodox, it turned out to be highly effective. Mobile malaria clinics, effective surveillance, IEC, to reduce the parasite reservoir worked. 

Important to understand the Maldives and Sri Lanka case-studies for strategies in LICs and MICs

I share the opinion of  Antonio R.Tabares that the question is a "Million-Dollar one" Studies on Intervention to control malaria in low-income countries have been mentioned. It may be necessary to compare case-studies from different Low-Income countries and see the outcomes. In my opinion, the best option will be poverty alleviation programmes. 

WHO has very recently declared Sri Lanka to be malaria free - on 5 September 2016.  Another response to your question also mentions Sri Lanka. A key message in this context is that malaria has been eradicated in a lower middle income country. You can read more here:

http://www.searo.who.int/mediacentre/releases/2016/1631/en/

To avoid repetition, all comments made by colleagues are right. However, malaria control depends mostly on Government policies. We know the ways the disease and vector can be controlled. If the Government will respond to malaria the way they responded to Ebola,  I believe malaria will be eradicated in one year at most.

To better control malaria It is important to combine the different interventions as follow:

- Individual protection measures against anopheles vectors

- Precoce depicting and treatment

- The fighting against anopheles vectors in environmental ecology

first all prevalence study should be carried out among socio economic status. Relate prevalence to their KAP. Determine their extentto which they fight against with their limited resources.Quantity the economic burden and project it to national budget. thanks

for low socio economic populations, please see

Infectious Diseases of Poverty20143:19

DOI: 10.1186/2049-9957-3-19

& also

Socioeconomic development to fight malaria, and beyond

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61211-8