Dear Muhammad,

The abstract lets the reader quickly determines if he want to read the entire publication or not.

It should have the following 5 pieces : introduction, problem statement, procedures, results & conclusions.

Since it is short, each section is usually only one or two sentences long. Consequently, every single word is important to conveying your message.

Best regards.

Each Journal has instruction for their abstract, you should following the instruction.

Kindly see the attachment.

Dear Muhammad,

The abstract lets the reader quickly determines if he want to read the entire publication or not.

It should have the following 5 pieces : introduction, problem statement, procedures, results & conclusions.

Since it is short, each section is usually only one or two sentences long. Consequently, every single word is important to conveying your message.

Best regards.

It has already been discussed on RG. Please, check for similar strands.

If you need to write an abstract for an academic or scientific paper, don't panic! Your abstract is simply a short, stand-alone summary of the work or paper that others can use as an overview.[1] An abstract describes what you do in your essay, whether it’s a scientific experiment or a literary analysis paper. It should help your reader understand the paper and help people searching for this paper decide whether it suits their purposes prior to reading. To write an abstract, finish your paper first, then type a summary that identifies the purpose, problem, methods, results, and conclusion of your work. After you get the details down, all that's left is to format it correctly. Since an abstract is only a summary of the work you've already done, it's easy to accomplish!

https://www.wikihow.com/Write-an-Abstract

📷An abstract is a shortened version of the paper and should contain all information necessary for the reader to determine what the objectives of the study were; how the study was done; •what results were obtained; and

the significance of the results. Although it appears as the first section in a paper, most scientists/ researchers/ students write the abstract section last

I fully agree with the wonderful explanation given by Abebe Kirub

An abstract is a brief summary of the most important points in a scientific paper. It is a self-contained, short, and powerful statement that describes a larger work. Abstracts enable professionals to stay current with the huge volume of scientific literature.

Components vary according to discipline. An abstract of a social science or scientific work may contain the scope, purpose, results, and contents of the work. An abstract of a humanities work may contain the thesis, background, and conclusion of the larger work. An abstract is not a review, nor does it evaluate the work being abstracted.

For your further readings, please have a look into the follwoing documents. I hope they will help you much in developing a sound abstract.

Good Luck!

https://services.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/471274/Writing_an_Abstract_Update_051112.pdf

http://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/abstract

http://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/abstract

https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/abstracts/

http://employees.oneonta.edu/ebertjr/what_is_an_abstract.htm

This question came on boards a few months ago and was discussed extensively. However, Dr. Mounir's submission here is apt and should be of help. You would also have to adhere to the publisher's instruction/guideline for paper preparation.

Interesting question. As I know, the abstract is a mini paper that must be stand alone. Other meaning, it consists of:

Introduction;

Research aim;

Experimental (Main) work;

Results; and

Conclusions.

However, actually, some abstracts of papers published in reputed journals are free of one or more of the above components.

Best regards.

"An abstract is a concise summary of a research paper or entire thesis. It is an original work, not an excerpted passage. An abstract must be fully self-contained and make sense by itself, without further reference to outside sources or to the actual paper. It highlights key content areas, your research purpose, the relevance or importance of your work, and the main outcomes. It is a well-developed single paragraph of approximately 250 words in length, which is indented and single spaced. The function of the abstract is to outline briefly all parts of the paper. Although it is placed at the beginning of your paper, immediately following the title page, the abstract should be the last thing that you write, once you are sure of the conclusions you will reach" (Academic Skills)

abstract is simply a short, stand-alone summary of the work or paper that others can use as an overview. An abstract describes what you do in your essay, whether it’s a literary analysis paper.

Dear respected Muhammad,

Abstract is a summary of a research work in which each of its component must be briefly. The contents of an abstract are extracted from the main research work. The components of the abstract in order are 1) Introduction 2) Statement of problem 4) Justification (optional) 3) Aim / Objective of the study 4) Methodology 5) Results 6) briefly Discussion 6) Conclusion. In all abstract could contains 250 to 450 words.

Best regards.

Good question, nice responses.

Agree with all colleagues, but the abstract of a scientific paper must exclude something, it may be results, it is important to present the aim and the methodology (mainly), this is the difference between abstract and summary.

Interesting. Following

Great contributions

There are five rhetorical moves that can appear in abstracts. A move’s length can vary (from a phrase to sentences) and some moves may be omitted depending on the abstract’s audience and purpose.

Move 1: Introducing background or problem Move 2: Presenting current research with justification and/or purpose to fill the gap or niche

Move 3: Describing methodology Move 4: Reporting results and findings

Move 5: Interpreting results with research implications and limitations best regards

Many good answers here. I have to agree that the requirements for every journal are different. Structured (with headings), unstructured, very short (50 words), short, to very long (500 words). The length and content also depends on the type of article. Abstracts for a thesis or a conference are also very different.

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To write an abstract or any part of a good manuscript that is suitable to your desired journal, firstly you must read the "guides for authors" or "journal guidelines" part of that journal to exactly inform about the standards and policies of manuscript draft submission. But, according to the guide lines of many ISI journal publishers (Elsevier, Wiley, Springer, RSC, ACS, TandF, ...), always a concise and factual abstract is required (an approximate rang of 200-300 words should be observed/ generally the maximum words count must not exceed 250). In this manner, you must take several important steps, respectively:

1)_ The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research(a very brief introducing problem and the novelty that was lied behind of the idea for this particular research to fill the observed gap)

2)_The abstract should contain the principal results of your work (try to cover all significant findings: for example the characterization of materials (e.g. BET-BJH, band gap values ,...) and the important experimental data)

3)_And at last, major conclusions (efficiency, applications , etc.).

· Make the abstract first and be firm in it. Try not to modify the abstract depend on the flow of the paper

· If it tends to change, it means you have not done the literature survey properly

· Make the abstract in 100 to 200 words

· Be precise in mentioning an unsolved issue and your solution for that issue

Reach this website to know more about parts of an effective article.

http://researchbrains.com/how-to-create-a-quality-article-that-could-be-published-in-any-reputed-and-free-journals-like-elsevier-springer/

very useful

http://exploringacademia.com/how-to-write-an-effective-abstract/