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You have multiple possible ways to do it, and it depends on what technology you want to use. I'll discuss 2 major ways.

The term for what you want to do it: geocoding.

You can use an online API for it like mapbox, openstreetmap etc. Here is the details on how to use the mapbox API to convert the location from text to latlong and inverse.

https://docs.mapbox.com/help/how-mapbox-works/geocoding/

If the Mapbox has the District information for Afghanistan then you can use this method easily.

If you want an offline solution or the API online don't have district data for Afghanisthan, then you can use a gis tool to convert the latlong to district names.

There are again many ways to do it, you can either just import the points to GIS software and also import shapefile for districts data in the same GIS file, then use the tool to transfer the district information from shapefile(district polygons) to the points (location of events) and then save that points as a new dataset.

And if you want a more dynamic solution so that you don't have to do that for every new data, then you can use programming language like Python to read those shapefiles and then read the points and find the polygon which contains that point and assign the district name. If you are using python I recommend geopandas, pandas, and shape library.

Google earth pro might be an option to record all the events and share your map with the people that you choose.

One possible solution may be to search for Shape files (.SHP) which contain the geometries of provinces, cities and other areas of interest in Afghanistan. This may allow you to relate names from reports to geographic areas defined by coordinates. Some shape files even contain specific 'named' points with coordinates, which may allow you to pinpoint reports to actual lat-lons.

Hope this helps,

Greetz,

Rene