I want a clear reference to identify the steps of translation instrument from English to another language
When you have time, please take a look at my latest article :). I have proposed some guideline in it. I hope it helps!
Dear Suha Balushah,
Generally speaking, translation of data collecting instruments from one language to another language should satisfy the criteria of what is called textual, dynamic equivalence across languages. More specifically, the translated instrument should cater to various dimensions of equivalence including semantic, conceptual and normative equivalences. Notably, semantic
equivalence is to make sure that words and sentences in two languages represent the sames meaning. Conceptual equivalence, on the other hand, refers to the commonality of the concept across the targeted languages. Finally, Normative equivalence ensures that the translated text should pay attention to those social norms that may be different in two languages. As an illustration, the researcher may decide to adjust some of the questions on the used questionnaire, which may violate the socioculural norms and values (e.g., issues specific to religion, health beliefs, etc) of the participants in the new context.
Best regards,
R. Biria
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