Is power-to-gas a possible solution to this issue? Storing renewable energy in the form of H2 and CH4 and using them as fuels can increase the penetration of renewable energy in the transportation sector?
I would raise the base-load (nuclear or hydro), and use compressed air energy storage to capture excess energy to balance peaks not handled by electric vehicles being charged up by putting bladders of air under reasonably deep lakes. Hydrogen has problems with transmission that electricity doesn't have. If there was excess energy production at night and no where to put it, then I would dump the electricity into removing CO2 from the atmosphere by making carbon-black - inefficient, but effectively free.
The P2G improves the operational characteristics of variable renewable sources by significantly reducing their variability and intermittency. Therefore, yes it enhances the chance of variable renewable sources in the transportation sector.
I agree with Mohammed. In addition, sustainable H2 and CH4 (from renewables) can be stored in the Natural Gas Pipeline network and underground for seasonal balancing of Electricity Demand and Supply. Sustainable H2 and methane can also power heavy duty fuel cell vehicles year-round. When wildfires and other natural disasters crash the grid, or lead to rolling preventive blackouts, the redundancy and security of the underground natural gas pipeline network and storage fields can provide stable energy supplies to distributed fuel cells.
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