By far i know , generally from an oil , total fatty acid content and glycerol can be removed through lipolysis in the presence of NaOH.But i want to separate each and every fatty acid separately. can u help out friends
The composiiton of fatty acids can be determined with gas-liquid chromatography. Recently compilation of fatty acid composition was carried out by US Department of Agriculture. These and other recent analytcal studies have shown that most fats contain s great variety of fatty acids occuring in a concentration range below 5%.The structures of most of these minor components are unknown fatty acids, but they are considered to include isomers of the common unsaturared fatty and acids having odd numbered chain lengths or branched chains.Accurate analysis of all fatty acids in a fat can not be expected from one method only. Combinations of methods are required and group separations concequently play an important part in the development of fatty acid analysis.
Ref: Some new methods for separation and analysis of fatty acids;
KRISTER FONTELL,? RALPH T. HOLMAN, and GEORG LAMBEBTSE
Journal of lipid Research; 1(5),
www.jlr.org/content/1/5/391.full.pdf
I think the answer depends on the type of oil and the amount of fatty acids you want separated. On an analytical scale an oil with only a few fatty acids can be analyzed with a relatively short GC column, and with more complex fatty acid compositions, a longer GC column and potentially multiple GC runs and complementary HPLC might be needed. On a preparative scale, you'd possibly be looking at pre-fractionation with SPE followed by purification of individual fatty acids with semi-prep or prep HPLC.
Thank you Dr.Micheal E.R. Dugan . In case we have coconut oil , we have to separate three fatty acids , such as Caprylic acid , Capric acid and Lauric acid.
If you are doing this analytically, separating these could be accomplished easily on a short GC column in a few minutes. Likely you'd methylate the fatty acids first.
If you want to separate and collect large quantities of these, likely reverse phase semi prep or preparatory HPLC would work. Again you'd either methylate or ethylate depending on product end use or separate free fatty acids after saponification. If using free fatty acids, you might have to look at controlling peak tailing by using low pH or perhaps an end capped column.
If you want to collect high purity saturated fatty acids or fractions of these you could use molecular distillation. You could search for Steven C. Cermak on Research Gate where he has a paper listed entitled "Enrichment of decanoic acid in cuphea fatty acids by molecular distillation"
GC and HPLC can separate fatty acids for analytical purpose. But for purification purpose we can use a few methods. Enzymes can separate fatty acids because they are selective. Can also use urea inclusion techniques or separation based on difference of solubility of fatty acids in certain solvents.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016236118314455
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