Students tend to emphasize the value of their grade and don't focus on the value of learning outcomes. What would be a good technique to emphasize the learning outcomes more than grade value?
One technique that I used (which I might consider not effective) is fixing the total average and passing percentage before semester to deactivate the effect of grade. I felt that students will be motivated to be in the top percentiles, but still focus on learning. I would not consider this the ideal technique.