A sandcastle is a complex entity – at least on the inside. That is where grains of sand, water and air combine to form an intricate structure. What holds them together is the subject of research being conducted by Stephan Herminghaus and his team at the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization in Göttingen. Their work is also generating knowledge that can be applied in industrial processes, landslide prediction and oil production.
The X-ray tomography is very common for this kind of visualisation and could give you very useful results as long as the difference in density of the particle binding and the particles themselves is large enough. For example, in the listed article you can see how XCT can be successfully be used for constitutive modelling of cemented granular materials.
Article A thermomechanical constitutive model for cemented granular ...
I think X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Brunner−Emmet−Teller (BET) may be helpful for you. XRD and XPS can clarify the particle binding type (crystal or amorphous; valence state) . And BET can present porosity and specific surface area.