Hi Mohandass,
Here are some useful pdf attachments for your persual.
Good Luck
Dr. Arvind Singh
Thank you very much for your valuable suggestions Dr Arvind Singh and Dr Abhishek Raj.
This is an issue that occupies much of our effort in Scotland as well. The principle methods, when it is not possible to reduce herbivore numbers to a level that allows unimpeded growth of trees, are to fence the planted area or to protect trees individually using tubes. However, there is also some interest in other methods of protection, which do not require fencing - e.g. budcaps or deterrents.
A few years ago, I commissioned a review of literature looking at a range of approaches, and this may be of interest to you - see http://www.snh.org.uk/pdfs/publications/commissioned_reports/558.pdf. This relates specifically to Scotland, and includes literature from continental Europe and North America. The author (Helen Armstrong) also wrote one of the reports attached by Dr Arvind Singh above.
best wishes
Jeanette
Depends on the herbivore. Tree guards work with cattle and livestock, but with elephants tree guards do not work since they will probably destroy them. You can plant saplings that they don't eat or plant within a thorny thicket.
Here in eastern Oregon we use a species of tree called juniper that when it is burnt in a grass fire results in a pokey/stiff trunk with branches but no leaves. We basically pile these on top of, or around our plantings and it has been plenty to deter cows, deer and elk from browsing on them. Smaller creatures such as beaver can still get in through the branches unfortunately. Using them to build a fence is not so effective since there is always a weak point: the idea is more to cover the area "wide" and not "tall". If animals can't get close, they can't reach up or over the barricade. The advantage is that the material is free, natural, and doesn't then need to be collected later to prevent just becoming trash. In the riparian areas where we are working, it has the added benefit of later becoming large woody debris in the stream which further advances our restoration goals. As long as the species is stiff and pokey (doesn't need thorns, just stiff branches) any species of tree would do. I have attached a link showing the initial installation of such a technique (more wood was added after the photo was taken).
For young seedlings use tree shelters. When plant overgrow the shelters use repellent.
I recommend using the saciation effect, if possible in your place. We direct seed so much non-tree plants (pigeon peas, cannavalia, millet, oat, etc) along with the trees, so that animals have much more to eat and let most trees to grow.
Thank you Prof Priya, Jeanette Elisabeth Hall, Jefferson Jacobs, Boris liović ,
Eduardo Malta Campos-Filho for all your great suggestions.
Wild grazing has constituted a challenge to young trees growing in open rangelands especially in savannah regions where browse materials may be scarce. The first thing to do is to study or identify which species of wild animals are posing a threat to the young trees. Tree shelters or guards can then be designed to ensure that they provide sufficient safety to the trees, bearing in mind what guard materials will provide the required resistance to the animals. Tree guards can be made wood or metals depending on which can be most effective and affordable. Again, cultivation or opening up of adjacent lands up to 1 hectare or more away from planted boundaries can be enough scare for some game and reduce the threat of wild fires, reducing the chances of ease of game and fire access to planted trees.
I hope that this can support the handling of the problem.