How to measure the beam quality M2 related to a higher order mode in multimode fibers?

15 February 2019 0 3K Report

We know of course how to measure the beam quality in the case of the fundamental mode and the M2 factor is derived from an approximation of the fundamental mode with a Gaussian beam. It;s actually directly related to the waist of this Gaussian beam.

However, is it still possible to approximate a higher order mode to a Gaussian function?

Then, how to measure the quality parameter M2 (experimentally)?

Badges
Science topic

More Saddam Gafsi's questions See All

Do you have datasets for Covid-19 Chest X-ray and CT Lung labeled dataset?

I am working on COVID-19 detection and analysis challenge. Please, share me the labeled dataset. My relevant articles are : 1. COVID-19 Detection in Chest X-Ray Images using a New Channel Boosted...

02 January 2021 3,609 9 View

How can I calculate flat band with valence band and conduction band potential for P-type semiconductor from negative slop Mott-Schottky plot?

I have a lot of journals regarding finding out VB and CB for n-type semiconductors from Mott-Schottky plots where MS slope is positive but I cont able to find out VB and CB for p-type...

01 December 2020 6,198 1 View

How can I calculate valence band maxima of a semiconductor using XPS?

I just need to calculate the valence band maxima for a semiconductor which is actually in a heterojunction with another semiconductor. The motivation is to find the exact energy level of VB and CB...

01 December 2020 3,774 7 View

Is UAV technology can provide sustainable solution for agriculture farming?

How UAV technology can provide agriculture related problem solutions? How it can help the farmer to increase the crop productivity, especially in developing countries? Because farmer is...

10 April 2020 8,673 5 View

How can I calculate the distribution coefficient Ke value for Van't Hoff plot?

09 March 2020 3,002 5 View

Is there any report on leaky scanning of RNA leading to co-translation of two proteins from a single RNA in prokaryotes?

Heterologous expression of a bacterial gene in BL21 cell is generating two protein of different size: one of full length and another one of smaller size. The possibility of fragmentation...

08 October 2019 1,170 3 View

Supraspinatus Shoulder Muscle and layan dataset?

Asalam O Alaikum. Please, we need Supraspinatus Shoulder Muscle and Layan datasets. Anyone have, please upload. Thanks.

18 September 2019 1,966 1 View

How to find a good journals that can publish the research quickly?

22 February 2019 2,819 8 View

Can glass have a complex magnetic permeability?

15 January 2019 339 3 View

How to dry the seeds to the lowest possible moisture without using heat ?

It is known that, heat affects in the seeds vitality, so I look for alternatives.

28 December 2018 7,286 4 View

Glass fiber content in a gypsum board ?

Any idea on how to get the volumic ratio of glass fiber in a gypsum board ? Thank you for your help !

01 March 2021 2,501 3 View

How can we limit artifacts caused by rotation in fiber photometry?

We are trying to run fiber photometry experiments for long time scales, but we get these sinusoidal artifacts that come up. We think they may be caused by twisting of the fiber optic subject...

25 February 2021 568 1 View

How to properly calculate Interfacial area density in a porous domain?which are possible value for glass fiber?

I'm doing a cfx simulation of a multiphase flow in pultrusion and i set the Interfacial Area density in the heat exchange of a porous medium in this way IAD=Total fiber lateral surface of fiber...

23 February 2021 6,043 1 View

How can we add reinforced thermoplastics with granules in injection molding machine?

I need to make an injection molding machine in which short fibers are to be introduced. Short fiber length and material properties are to be determined and also the material strength are to be...

22 February 2021 4,290 1 View

How to resolve Gaussian error termination " Error termination via Lnk1e in F:\G16W\l103.exe" for TS(QST3)?

When I run the job for TS(QST3) in gaseous phase, it was completed without any error. But when I add water in CPCM model it terminated with an error: Inconsistency: ModMin= 2 Eigenvalue=...

21 February 2021 3,198 2 View

Staining methods for skeletal muscle fiber typing?

does anyone know the best method to differentiate and quantify rapid fatiguing and fatigue resistant muscle fibers? the old method form the 1980's uses ATP staining which is quite labor intense?

21 February 2021 6,483 3 View

How to calculate the Atomic Polar Tensor using DFT ?

Dear friends, I am a beginner at DFT calculation. I have done a structure optimization using DFT- B3LYP/6-31G*, Nevertheless, I don't know How to calculate the Atomic Polar Tensor (APT) in...

17 February 2021 9,082 3 View

Access to supercomputer resources in India?

Hello everyone, I want to perform some gaussian calculations and want to use Materials studio for my research work. Can anyone guide me how to get access to supercomputer resources in India for...

15 February 2021 8,264 3 View

Why the storage moduli E' decrease with highr fiber volume?

Hi guys, I am facing problems to interpret a DMA results. Material: Composite Bisphenol A + curaua fiber What is being tested: the influence of fiber volume on the composites properties...

12 February 2021 174 7 View

Why we use feature normalization before using the Gaussian kernel in SVM?

Support vector machine

09 February 2021 6,405 3 View