Hi everyone, is there anyone knows to notice that the animal got Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease/Emphysema (COPD) without using Pulmonary Maneuver System such as Buxco, etc. Preferred the non-invasive examination.
there is publications about Dogs; Chest X-ray shows generalized bronchial and/or interstitial changes. The cytology of the bronchoalveolar lavage may reveal excessive amounts of mucus, hyperplasia of epithelial cells, neutrophil or macrophagic infiltration.