How to make buildings resistant to earthquakes?

Now in Iran, according to my suggestion, Unilit roof is used in the roofs of residential and office buildings, which is very light. I took this suggestion in an article for the seismological organization in Tehran and gave 14 suggestions to prevent the Tehran earthquake, including 2 They implemented it. One of them removed the bricks from the roof of residential and office buildings and put unilite and poured concrete on top of it, which is very resistant because there is a round rod inside the bits and it was mixed with concrete, and I also said that in metal buildings from 7 or 8 should be used next to the walls because it makes the Masguni houses stronger and also 2 parking spaces should be used under the buildings, like palm trees or dates, which have deep roots and will not fall during an earthquake. Buildings must have deep roots and also in the science of retrofitting structures, divergence is used, that is, natural or artificial rubber is used under the pillars of the houses, and steel springs are used in the middle, so that during an earthquake, the building, like a car or A car that has a spring and the springs play, the building goes up and down but does not fall, and this is a building engineering science that makes buildings resistant to earthquakes and natural disasters. And secondly, through the injection of water and salt solution, the energy of the faults can be removed. Because it comes from the earth's core, which has 6000 degrees Celsius of heat. At any moment, this heat transfers to the surface of the earth. Therefore, the energy inside the earth must be removed, and by transferring the water and salt solution that all the oil extraction companies have, which is known as the injection of water and salt solution, like a tiny needle that is inserted into a balloon so that the balloon does not burst, we humans can create an artificial earthquake. Let's prevent the earthquake explosion and create an artificial earthquake ourselves and release the pressure inside the earth. And 3, we should not build residential or office buildings where there is a fault line, because the buildings are heavy and the taller and bigger they are, the more pressure is placed on the faults. So either we have to build a single floor or not at all to prevent an earthquake from happening.

Wisam Fawzi added an answer

I saw that this technique is used in most Iranian structures and my personal opinion is a successful technique.

László Attila Horváth added a reply

Did you used technics of Ioannis Lymperis ?

László Attila Horváth added a reply

Did you used technics of Ioannis Lymperis ?

Ioannis Lymperis added a reply

The Ultimate Anti-Seismic Design Method

The design mechanisms and methods of the invention are intended to minimize problems related to the safety of structures in the event of natural phenomena such as earthquakes, tornadoes, and strong winds. It is achieved by controlling the deformations of the structure. Damage and deformation are closely related concepts since the control of deformations also controls the damage. The design method of applying artificial compression to the ends of all longitudinal reinforced concrete walls and, at the same time, connecting the ends of the walls to the ground using ground anchors placed at the depths of the boreholes, transfers the inertial stresses of the structure in the ground, which reacts as an external force in the structure’s response to seismic displacements. The wall with the artificial compression acquires dynamic, larger active cross-section and high axial and torsional stiffness, preventing all failures caused by inelastic deformation. By connecting the ends of all walls to the ground, we control the eigenfrequency of the structure and the ground during each seismic loading cycle, preventing inelastic displacements. At the same time, we ensure the strong bearing capacity of the foundation soil and the structure. By designing the walls correctly and placing them in proper locations, we prevent the torsional flexural buckling that occurs in asymmetrical floor plans, and metal and tall structures. Compression of the wall sections at the ends and their anchoring to the ground mitigates the transfer of deformations to the connection nodes, strengthens the wall section in terms of base shear force and shear stress of the sections, and increases the strength of the cross-sections to the tensile at the ends of the walls by introducing counteractive forces. The use of tendons within the ducts prevents longitudinal shear in the overlay concrete, while anchoring the walls to the foundation not only dissipates inertial forces to the ground but also prevents rotation of the walls, thus maintaining the structural integrity of the beams. The prestressing at the bilateral ends of the walls restores the structure to its original position even inelastic displacements by closing the opening of the developing cracks.

Article The Ultimate Anti-Seismic Design Method

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Miguel Angel Morales added a reply

July 9

There are two ways to achieve it. To start, we can make buildings more ductile, that is, they can withstand stronger deformations without failing; On the other hand, we can design more rigid structures, which implies that the buildings resist greater accelerations.

These systems consist of elements for energy dissipation or assimilation. The first type of system seeks to increase the capacity to "lose" energy, such as the "Saint Andrew's Cross" trusses, and others work as seismic dampers or isolators.

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Khawaja Muhammad Iftikhar added a reply

6 hours ago

Abbas Kashani

Miguel Angel Morales

To make buildings resistant to earthquakes, it is essential to incorporate various engineering principles and design practices. Here are the key steps and considerations in detail:

1. Site Selection and Soil Analysis

• Site Selection: Choose a site with stable ground, avoiding areas prone to liquefaction, landslides, or fault lines.
• Geotechnical Analysis: Conduct thorough soil investigations to understand the soil properties and behavior under seismic loads. This includes soil borings, lab tests, and evaluating soil-structure interaction.

2. Building Design

• Seismic Codes and Standards: Adhere to local and international building codes (e.g., IBC, Eurocode, IS Codes) that specify seismic design requirements.
• Structural Configuration: Opt for simple, regular, and symmetric building shapes to ensure even distribution of seismic forces.
• Redundancy and Robustness: Design for multiple load paths so that if one path fails, others can carry the load.
• Foundation Design: Use deep foundations like piles or caissons in soft soils to reach stable strata. Consider mat foundations for better distribution of seismic forces.

3. Structural Elements

• Base Isolation: Install base isolators to decouple the building from ground motion, reducing seismic forces transmitted to the structure.
• Energy Dissipation Devices: Use dampers (viscous, friction, or tuned mass dampers) to absorb and dissipate seismic energy.
• Flexible Joints: Incorporate expansion joints to allow sections of the building to move independently, reducing stress concentrations.
• Shear Walls and Bracing: Use reinforced concrete shear walls or steel bracing systems to resist lateral forces.
• Moment-Resisting Frames: Design frames that can withstand bending moments and shear forces during an earthquake.

4. Materials and Construction Quality

• High-Quality Materials: Use materials with appropriate strength, ductility, and durability. Reinforced concrete, structural steel, and composite materials are commonly used.
• Reinforcement Detailing: Ensure proper detailing of reinforcement bars in concrete to prevent brittle failure and enhance ductility.
• Construction Practices: Follow best practices and quality control during construction to avoid defects and ensure the building performs as designed.

5. Retrofitting Existing Buildings

• Seismic Assessment: Evaluate the seismic vulnerability of existing buildings using detailed analysis and field surveys.
• Strengthening Techniques: Employ techniques such as adding shear walls, bracing, jacketing columns, and using fiber-reinforced polymers to enhance the seismic resistance of existing structures.

6. Innovation and Technology

• Advanced Simulation Tools: Use computer modeling and simulation tools to predict building behavior under seismic loads and optimize designs.
• Smart Materials: Incorporate materials with adaptive properties, such as shape memory alloys, which can absorb and dissipate energy efficiently.

7. Community and Lifeline Considerations

• Building Codes Enforcement: Ensure strict enforcement of building codes and regulations.
• Public Awareness: Educate the public and stakeholders about the importance of seismic-resistant design and construction.
• Lifeline Infrastructure: Design critical infrastructure (e.g., hospitals, emergency response centers) to higher seismic standards to ensure functionality after an earthquake.

By integrating these principles and practices, engineers can significantly enhance the earthquake resistance of buildings, thereby reducing the risk of damage and loss of life during seismic events.

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