As Thyagi Venky mentioned before there are many coating techniques, however they have their own limitations. If you can answer the following we can help you better:

What is your solution?

How viscous is it?

What thickness do you aim for?

What is the size of your substrate?

since you have not told what material, let me suggest a couple of things

1. Sonicate the solution before spray coating - may be add a surfactant too

2. try spin coating (Do you have a hi-tech lab? - if not use a DVD drive motor and gear

3. Try Sputtering

4. Try CVD

hope this helps

As Thyagi Venky mentioned before there are many coating techniques, however they have their own limitations. If you can answer the following we can help you better:

What is your solution?

How viscous is it?

What thickness do you aim for?

What is the size of your substrate?

For getting uniform thin coating EPD (Electro Phoretic Deposition) technique is excellent.

Spray coating is Ideal for metal oxides (in case of atmospheric air as the carrier gas), Organic films don't get a good form in Spray Pyrolysis, but spin and dip coatings are good technique for Organic films, Electrodeposition is good in case of Alloy films, All Physical vapour deposition techniques are ideal for films which form at a particular atmosphere (Ex. inert gas atmosphere)...

The most important thing what are looking....what you want to see....because it depends not only on the deposition technique but also on the type of material, growth conditions etc. If you can define your problem specifically, then i hope you will get some answers.

Try liquid phase deposition method. It's the simpliest and the costless technique that can help you get what you want.

But again, as other researchers pointed out, it depends on what you really want to do. You can get some compounds with some techniques and fail with some other.

If you narrow your target, I am sure you will get the best results, including even some publications

@ruppin klupp : thank you for your answer

1. I want to study characteristic of this thin uniform layer it will be on glass test plat

2. The material i want to coating is ferrits and i want thin layer less than 20 nanometer

3.every thing in this question variable i wanna make every thing to study characteristics of diffrent layers and method

4.my substrate is a test glass plat it unifiform & smoth

Spin coating is a great technique to deposit thin films of uniform thickness. However, optimizing various aspects of the solution is very important. For example, the molarity (related to the concentration) & viscosity of the solution will affect the film quality. This method can be a fairly cheap and fast method for producing thin films if you have some experience with solution chemistry.

I agree with Claire Weiss, spin coating is the uniform and cheapest method. Besides the optimization on the solution, u may need to study the parameter of spin coater like spin rate and time of spinning as well of the amout of the liquid used during deposition. The higher of spin rate and longer time will effect the thinnest the films. Finally u need to anneal (study on the suitable annealing temp depends on the materials) the sample to ensure that to get high crystalinity of the films. However it depend of your deposition method requirement.

Pulse laser deposition ....is also one of the good thin film deposition technique by which you can get layer by layer deposition ...fairly homogenous and uniform film....

for a very thin layer on glass surface, your glass surface must be very smooth and even. Are ferrits in solid powders? in case of solid materials, sputtering may be simpliest and uniform.

If you fabricate thin film Sol-gel as described above by some other researchers then you can also anneal it to improve the quality.

Sol-gel is a good method but we should have to keep in mind that the presence of impurities can reduce the film quality due to strains, lattice mismatch etc.

If high quality is required then MBE can also be used.

The combination of physical and chemical method will be suitable. CVD can be used to get a quality and controlled thickness film but at the same time you will have to find out the optimized parameters like temperature, gas flow rates, etc.

But the important thing is? for what purpose you want to fabricate the thin film? so use that method.

By sputtering

PVD, vacuum eveporation

Depends on the material, for instant, spin coating is fairly reliable technique for PMMA.

It would depend on the purpose and target of the thin film desired. evaporation and Sputtering for vacuum based while Electrospray deposition, spin coating among simple non vacuum based techniques for thin films. For high quality films MBE is best.

By SILAR a cheap and best method you can prepare quality thin films

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Chemical bath techniques though simple, yet for viscous and expensive coating materials it can not be preferred.

Rotation of thin film+spray coating+experience could result in a better solution

Rotation of thin film+spray coating+experience could result in a better solution

I want to coat ZnO nanoparticles on FTO. I am thinking to use spin coating technique. I want to know which solvent is best for dispersion of ZnO particles as well as spin coating technique

Hi Eslam aboelazm,

Please find attached pdf file, which shows some of the easy methods to make a uniform thin films even over a large scale.

Simple and low cost thin film deposition method: doctor blade method