The cotton productivity in India is declining after 2007. The reasons assigned were spread of Bt hybrid cotton from 65% to 98% area to marginal lands and rainfall aberrations. Basically the area expanded was at the cost of groundnut, soybean, maize, sorghum which farmers felt less economical than Bt hybrid cotton in shallow and marginal soils. Non practice of crop rotation is stagnating the p[roductivity in the last 10 years.
Followinga are reasons for decline
1. Export declined and and import of textile increased.
2. Imports of English textile increased from 35to 65 %.
3. Raw cotton from India is exports.
4. No clear cut policy of govt.
5. Easter mills of India like Kolkata and Kanpur closed due labours union No advancement.
6. These industry could not survive in the face of strong competition from the modern mill industry of Britain which provided cheap and better goods as a result of Industrial Revolution in that country. Moreover, the British textile industry enjoyed political advantage at that time.
7. The industry suffered a serious setback in 1947 when most of the long staple cotton growing areas went to Pakistan as a result of partition.
How to improve
1. There are at present 1,719 textile mills in the country, out of which 188 mills are in public sector, 147 in cooperative sector and 1,384 in private sector. About three-fourths were spinning mills and the remaining one-fourth composite mills. Apart from the mill sector, there are several thousand small factories comprising 5 to 10 looms.
2. The decentralised powerloom sector plays a pivotal role in meeting the clothing needs of the country. The production of cloth as well as generation of employment has been rapidly increasing in powerloom sector. This sector not only contributes significantly to the cloth production in the country but also provides employment to millions of people.
3. Several factors, like availability of raw cotton, market, transport, etc. play a key role in the localisation of cotton textile industry. The significance of raw cotton is evident from the fact that 80 per cent of the industry is coterminous with the cotton growing tracts of the country.
4. Mumbai is also not far away from the cotton producing areas of Maharashtra and Gujarat which have contributed a good deal in the localisation and growth of cotton textile industry here. It is equally important to note that cotton is a pure raw material, in the sense that it does not lose much of its weight in the process of manufacturing and the slight loss in weight is more than compensated by the use of sizing materials.
5.“A 10% reduction in China’s market share gives India an opportunity to double its exports,” the report said, adding that if the Indian industry gains in competitiveness it could easily shift market away from China.
https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjOyJeOjJzTAhUMQo8KHe3NB5sQFggoMAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economicsdiscussion.net%2Fessays%2Fessay-on-cotton-textile-industry-in-india%2F18117&usg=AFQjCNHBfYwd4119y3XPurZxWmSpyhuPdw&sig2=i-V0bP2paid1kpx0jAq7cw
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Although Weather is root cause of the decline, however low market prices are key fact that discourages farmer to stop cultivating cotton and move towards the more profitable crop. My family grow cotton at our farm and price of cotton is devastatingly low. There is no marginal difference in market price of cotton, When I was kid and now. last week we sold coton Rs 5700 per quintal . It should have been at least 15,000 today.
Please go through these links.
http://www.ncipm.org.in/NCIPMPDFs/Revolution_in_Indian_Cotton.pdf
http://awsassets.wwfindia.org/downloads/better_management_practices_for_cotton_cultivation.pdf
http://awsassets.wwfindia.org/downloads/cotton_market_and_sustainability_in_india.pdf
http://niti.gov.in/writereaddata/files/document_publication/RAP3.pdf
Check this links may be help you
http://www.cicr.org.in/pdf/Kranthi_art/Double_yield_sep_2013.pdf
https://www.icac.org/getattachment/tech/Regional-Networks/Asian-Cotton-Research-and-Development-Network/Presentations/1-sabesh.pdf
http://www.hpmindia.com/blog/blog/blog-blog/there-are-more-ways-to-increase-cotton-yield-hpm-india-agriculture-guide/
http://awsassets.wwfindia.org/downloads/better_management_practices_for_cotton_cultivation.pdf
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