Hi Aman,

This is a problem, because on some topics there are numerous publications and the many ways to say the same thing are already exhausted.

Generally, don't worry about similarity in common sentences and established facts.

I recall reading somewhere that one of the limits to follow was avoid using exactly the same string of words in a full sentence. over a 100 words in continuation from the same source(even if paraphrased) and less than 10% overall similarity with any other work.

Hope this is helpful.

Thanks for ur reply mam. Ur reply actually points our discussion towards plethora of other complications related to similarity index:

1. How much similarity is permissible globlally.

2. How much is too much.. what will be called as misconduct.

3. What if the topic is exhausted. How to discuss it?

4. What and who can report or take action if it's established that it's a copy paste error.

5. Is paraphrasing only solution?

6. Are we training and trained to dodge this menace.

I an era of "publish or perish" I am sure we will have to formulate ways and address these points

Hello Sir

Simply paraphrasing or citing is not sufficient to prevent plagiarism.

The link given below explains what are the different types of plagiarism and how can plagiarism be prevented.

http://www.du.ac.in/du/uploads/research/06122014Turnitin-WhatisPlagiarism%20.pdf

UGC has formulated some regulations for Higher Educational Institutions in relation for detection and prevention of Plagiarism:

https://www.ugc.ac.in/pdfnews/8864815_UGC-Public-Notice-on-Draft-UGC-Regulations,-2017.pdf

High similarity score is a problem with the students. Regarding plagiarism, although the ideal strategy is zero tolerance, you cannot make someone guilty of plagiarism simply because the paper has some “five consecutive words” identical to someone else's writing as “….sown on 16 Jan. 2018”, or “all students, teachers, and parents”. In India, the UGC prescribes exclusion of the following from similarity checks (UGC, 2018):

· Information put in quotations with necessary permission or attribution

· References or bibliography, table of contents, preface, and acknowledgements

· Generic terms, laws, standard symbols, and standards equations

· Common knowledge or coincidental terms consisting of less than 14 consecutive words.

Usually, phrases, jargon, and terminology that are commonly used in writing may be matched by plagiarism checking software, but you can exclude them.

I hope the following preprint will help you to lower your similarity score:

Preprint Plagiarism: Prevention and Cure

@Kirti: both the links are apt n must read..

@dr Thomas: thanks for reply... Any personal experience in software for paraphrasing??

best method is not to quote text from the key article/s

Interesting discussion...currently a hot topic in India too ..

But I am not totally convinced with softwares based on algorithms working on consecutive words, again what is minimum acceptable percentage.. Also what about plagiarism of thoughts ,not only words..

Loads of questions still but UGC has take stricter view recently in 2018 for it which is welcome, follow the link

https://www.ugc.ac.in/ugc_notices.aspx?id=2079

thanks Priyanka Kapoor Vadim S. Gorshkov

from your discussion above I feel the easiest way to not to get in trap of plagiarism is quoting, referencing and most importantly checking for similarity before uploading it. here softwares both online and offline can play vital role.

Please find attached an article.. hope it helps you guys!!

Abdulfatah Abdu Yusuf and Awadhesh Kumar Singh

thanks for ur reply.

request you all to plz throw some light on few ways to paraphrase well as well.

so that amaturish or new comers can benifit.

Antiplagiarism software should be modified to accommodate the details given by previous authors who have answered it

sure

So any more recommended softwares or tips??

Free softwares are not giving accurate similarity index .If you want to publish your article in any good journal scopus/scie then use turnitin/ Ithenticate as both are best option.

The description of popular similarity checking softwares are given below.

Urkund is a web-based application that conducts server-side plagiarism detection. The solution to detect plagiarism is integrated and automated. This is a paid service that utilizes a standard email program to upload documentation and display information. This program handles 300 separate types of submissions and checks all accessible online sources. The educational sources of documents are given more priority while searching.UGC provides this software to universities of india for similarity checking.

Ithenticate for any text document is an effective tool for web-based plagiarism detection. Installation on a client computer is not necessary. Input materials are comparable with the references accessible on the site in this case. Many well-known journal publishers utilize this well-known method. It is a professional fast plagiarism checker  that is easy to use. This is meant for institutional use instead of personal use, but essentially this offers a restricting feature for consumers of the specific identification of plagiarism, such as students of master and doctoral education.  this allows them to check a  document of up to 25,000 words.

Turnitin is a successful  web-based tool.   Detection and reporting is done remotely in this method. 15,000 universities and 30 Million students have now approved Turnitin because of its user-friendly design, broad repository help, robust plagiarism tests and structured report production. It can be seen as one of the best  plagiarism checker.

There is no software which check plagiarism only similarity level can be checked.

Arun kumar sharma

Try to use your own words, to be original, different... scores will be decline for sure... and the human assesment is also necessary - mentor or editor should go through the paper and software results and make a final decision...

Dear Aman Chowdhry

I would suggest you to paraphrase your article, use your own words and to provide intext citations as best as possible to mitigate these kind of ethical issues. Furthermore, try to check often with Turnitin.

Instructors can exclude references , bibliography and words in quotation to exclude 'well meaning, innocent similarities'

In my opinion, most of the free-software-checkers for plagiarism don't work effectively. Since there is no guarantee that the original content of your manuscript might not be copied and sold to others before it is published by you, I discourage using any free-software-checkers for plagiarism; some of them are betrayers.

• WARNING 1: There are a massive number of betrayers!
• WARNING 2: Plagiarism is a sin! If it is, severe action may be taken and/or legal notice may be given.

Unfortunately, you have to pay for the sake of getting good results. In any way, it is not well for your reputation if there were accusations of plagiarism.

In my personal opinion, free anti-plagiarism software is not safe.

On the other side, My university, WISE, uses the TURNITIN plagiarism checker. The maximum allowed percentage of plagiarism should be commonly less than 20%. However, from the same reference, it should not exceed 5%.

We must completely understand that the plagiarism is never allowed and it is almost impossible to have 0% similarity.

Dear Prof. Aman Chowdhry & all the honorable researchers,

Plagiarismis a common problem facing almost all professors. This respected portal (i.e. RG) defines plagiarism as:

The term “plagiarism” has different meanings, but it usually includes copying somebody else’s work without permission.

On the other side, self-plagiarism is when the author republishes portions of his/her own previously written research work while authoring a new work.

I may be somewhat old-fashioned, but please have a look at the following golden principles on how to avoid plagiarism in academic writing, especially Self-Plagiarism:

Now, I think that the above-mentioned rules are helping in setting boundaries to avoid plagiarism in general, and self-plagiarism in special.

Finally, believe me, or not: If you make one plagiarizing, you may solve one problem and fall into many others where some of which may be described as a knockout. Again and again, please always remember that if there were accusations of plagiarism, it is not well for any researcher's reputation, in any meaning.

Dear respected colleagues,

Related to this valuable discussion thread of Prof. Aman Chowdhry, please let me point to another critical issue related to plagiarism software-detectors.

My friend was accused of plagiarism. Why?

After about five months, his promotion process to associate professor was rejected because of plagiarism. When he checked the promotion report, he found that one of his papers was accused of plagiarism and with a 100% percentage. The reason is that his manuscript was checked by his co-author using one of these checkers. It took him several months time of following up to solve the problem and removing the manuscript from their database. After that long period, he re-applies the promotion order for the second time.

Therefore, plagiarism software may retain a copy of the manuscript in its database. To state the truth, this is depending upon the settings and type of account subscription.

So, you may face a similar situation when you submit your manuscript after plagiarism checking to a journal. It may be rejected instantly because it would show up 100% similarity index.

To solve the problem, it may take several months time of following up and removing the manuscript from their database.

If there were accusations of plagiarism, it is not well for your reputation, in any meaning.

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