QUAL2K is a one-dimensional river and stream water quality model that is an upgraded version of the QUAL2E model. The QUAL2K framework, which was developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency, can simulate the migration and transformation of conventional pollutants. The model considers the stream as a one-dimensional channel with steady flow that is non-uniform and considers the influence of point source and non-point source pollution loads. The model also imitates changes with a user-opted time step inside of an hour within the daily cycle. In addition to being widely applied for the environmental management of relatively large rivers, the framework model also has several new features that make it applicable to shallow, upland and other rivers.
but before to use model you have fitst to define the pollution sources and non pollution sources of the river and them choose the sampling stations carefully and start to monitor your samples and after that you can run the model and compare your data with what expected from model and if so you can use the model ,
Another alternative, is using the MIKE package from DHI - Denmark. Unfortunately, it is a commercial model. We applied in one case study couple of years ago to investigation maximum capacity load (organic pollutants from fish/shrimp ponds and domestic sewage). We used MIKE11 (one dimensional) and the following modules:
- HD (hydrodynamics): for stream/river flow, together with
- AD (advection and dispersion): to simulate BOD concentration.
Assuming the purpose of determining pollution loads is to predict changes in water quality you also need to have a handle on the system hydrology and temperature variability