How to evaluate risks to freshwater benthos from ammonia in bulk sediment?

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James Burton Deemy

Attached are a pair of papers that may provide some insight to toxicity.

Is this sediment already in the stream, leaching to groundwater, or leaching to surface runoff?

Vickie Reat

Thanks for the papers. This sediment is already in the stream and it supposedly has been impacted by groundwater seepage with high ammonia concentrations.

Bjarne Nenseter

Hi! As ammonia (NH3) is very water soluble and easily turn into ammonium ion (NH4+), benthos is likely to be exposed to ammonium rather than ammonia. Have the sediment been analysed with respect to ammonia-phases and what is the water and sediment pH?

rgs Bjarne

Thanks for he reply. Sediment has only been analyzed for total ammonia nitrogen based on the CAS number. Water pH is typically 6-7.5. I am not aware that sediment pH has been analyzed.