Continuous training of public servants and improvement of rules for admission to public service and government procurement.

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I share the views of Hassan Izzeddin Sarsak and Roberto - Minadeoa, I couldn't agree more.

best regards

This has to start early on at the school level by identifying potential leaders and sending them through a special track emphasizing on ethics, morality and other desirable characteristics

The sufficient and constant supply of such competent and moral leaders will only work if we install a conveyance belt that originates from the very foundational elementary schools to schools of higher learning and into civil service, propagating moral ethics and professionalism.

Maybe the problem is demand not supply.

The most effective ethical and moral standards are self-imposed (after Kant) rather than dictated. Moral Character is the essential guarantor of good behavior (Aristotle). If we are to cultivate high moral standards in political office we need to instil new respect for conscience, scruples and honor above self interest, legalism and sharp practice.

Since I remember (in the seventies), it has been a broken promise in my country. The solutions tried had been numerous: strict laws and exemplary penalties against corruption, confidence control mechanisms in recruitment, robust transparency iinstitutes and audit and accountability systems endowed with constitutional autonomy, and, more recently, anti-corruption systems created as an independent power in the constitutional design of the State, which have among their organs a council of non-party citizens who set the rules for the recruitment of high publico officials and study the CVs of the candidates. Notwhitstanding the foregoing, the corruption scandals had never disappeard and have even reached the members of the aforementioned concils of non-party citizens. I wonder if it has to do with the political culture. We live in a formal political system which suposes to have the law as a core value... but reality shows that people don't really care the strict compliance of all legal provisions. Furthemore, in specific reurring cases, it is considered that applyng exactly what the law says is more unfair than not applying it. I think the problem is that, since the liberal democracy model was adopted, certain idealized values that did not correspond to real values have been assumed. Perhaps we should start with a thorough study (philosophical, anthropological, sociological) of these real values, and take the results of research as a starting point for a new design of political institutions.

Roberto - Minadeo tha'ts certainly one aspect on which we should focus on to enhance the ethical quality of our public officials and public servants.

Hassan Izzeddin Sarsak

Srini Vasan Why don't we incorporate a set of courses and activities at the early levels of education so that all young individuals (potential leaders or otherwise) get nurtured with the right ethical values? This may not be the optimum solution to the problem of corruption but I believe it is certainly needed.

Thank you so much for your valuable insights.

Dan Kamwaro Thanks a lot for your comment. I do agree with you. That's to my understanding is one of the most effective ways by which we can create a pool of competent and ethical leaders.

The starting point must be the inclusion of ethics in the education curriculum from primary through tertiary. Good behavior must be learned, it is not naturally occurring.

Currently in the US, the liberal left are trying to socio politically and culturally re-engineer that country. How have they gotten this far? By controlling the media and by indoctrination in the education system.

Corruption has less of a chance when more people recognize it as wrong.

Duty to lead people is divine. It is not everyone in the society that is destined to lead others. If Nigerians will see leadership as a call to serve rather than money making venture, then it will not be difficult for the right person to emerge in leadership in Nigeria.

I think the moral values should be instilled in every member of the society. So that, when a every person is going to vote for a leader or is appointing a leader they personally have values that they are seeking to uphold. Also, if our hero in society is a corrupt person those are the types of people we will vote in and appoint as leaders. So pick who are heroes & legends carefully.

Igwe Onyebuchi Igwe I share your view; to lead is to serve and to take responsibility for those affected by your decisions. I won't call it devine but leadership positions at the government level need and must require some rigorous scrutiny. To elimintae those who percieve leadership positions and government funds as their own means to achive personal gains I think we should focus on insulling the right moral values in all members of society as Mukami Mwaja suggested.

I think your question touchs an important but at the same time problematic aspect of the modern society. Based on my experience and studies the corruption should be defined as the inestirpable evil . Indeed it has always been present since the birth of the associative form between people. It is hard to respond your question in a few lines ma for me it is necessary rebuild the whole legal system . Make sure that people are more interested in doing good and focus on fonding values of the society rather then enter in corruptions system

Edoardo Maria Poiani Landi It is indeed hard to answer the question in few lines but my intention was to start a discussion on the issue and learn and broaden my perspective in regard to the problem of corruption especially in the context of developing countries. Thank you so much for enriching this discussion. and I also extend my gratitude and respect to Ricardo Anguiano for his fruitful response to my question, he posited very insightful views on the problem of corruption.

I agree with Km Arti

لايمكن ضمان هذا الامر

كُنتُمْ خَيْرَ أُمَّةٍ أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنَّاسِ تَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَتَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنكَرِ" الأخلاق سلوك يتعلمه الفرد في المجتمع . لذلك لابد أن يولي المجتمع اهتمامًا بسلوكيات الفرد من خلال أمرين الأول منهما : لابد أن تدرج الأخلاق في المناهج التعليميةعلى مختلف المراحل الدراسية ويتطور تدريسها بتطور المناهج الدراسية أما الأمر الثاني النص قانونًا على وجود ميثاق أو مدونة للسلوك الاخلاقي في الوظائف العامة حتى يدرك الموظف دائمًا بوجوب هذه الالتزامات الأخلاقية كنص تشريعي يترتب على مخالفته الجزاء

Inculcating moral values in young ones will go a long way to ensure one day when they get to government, they can be honest

Continuous education on the importance of integrity

But consider this:

72.16 million (11 November 2020) Americans voted for Donald Trump, whose integrity has been questionable since before his Presidency began.

That is more than the 69.5 million who voted for the victorious Barack Obama in 2008 or the 65.85 million, who voted for the losing Hilary Clinton or the nearly 63 million who voted for the victorious Trump in 2016.

Can education deal with a problem of alienation that deep?

Through effective social control and adequate prior training. The first is possible when citizens participate actively and the rulers become their representatives; the second is possible through citizen organization.

There are no good individuals, what exists is a culture and an education that encourages good people